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Titleα-Hydrazino Acids Inhibit Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Decarboxylases via "Catalytically Correct" Ketoenamine Tautomers: A Special Motif for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery?
Journal, issue, pagesACS Catal, Vol. 15, Issue 10, Page 8204-8218, Year 2025
Publish dateMay 16, 2025
AuthorsJonathan M Baine / Yoan Duhoo / Tzanko Doukov / Ambroise Desfosses / Giovanni Bisello / Matthew L Beio / Olivia Bauer / Massimiliano Perduca / Maria Bacia-Verloop / Mariarita Bertoldi / Robert S Phillips / Irina Gutsche / David B Berkowitz /
PubMed AbstractWe present evidence that supports a 'correct hydrazone tautomer/Dunathan alignment model' for how α-hydrazino analogues of α-amino acids inhibit PLP enzymes. Described is the asymmetric synthesis ...We present evidence that supports a 'correct hydrazone tautomer/Dunathan alignment model' for how α-hydrazino analogues of α-amino acids inhibit PLP enzymes. Described is the asymmetric synthesis of l- and d-α-hydrazino acid l-lysine analogues and their inhibition of lysine decarboxylase (LdcI) via kinetic analysis, stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and cryo-EM. We describe a similar investigation of the important anti-Parkinsonism drug, carbidopa, with its human DOPA decarboxylase (hDdc) target. Evidence is consistent with these three hydrazino analogues forming the catalytically relevant ketoenamine PLP-hydrazone tautomer in their target active sites, with the α-carboxylate groups, though insulated, aligning with the PLP-π-system in a Dunathan-model-like orientation. High-resolution cryo-EM structures of the LdcI holoenzyme (pdb 9E0M-2.1Å) and LdcI-bound l- and d-hydrazones (pdb 9E0O-2.0 Å; pdb 9E0Q-2.3Å) and the first X-ray crystal structure of hDdc-bound carbidopa (pdb 9GNS-1.93Å) support this 'correct tautomer' model. These insights are expected to guide future PLP enzyme inhibitor development.
External linksACS Catal / PubMed:40401103 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle) / X-ray diffraction
Resolution1.93 - 2.3 Å
Structure data

EMDB-47362, PDB-9e0m:
CryoEM structure of holoenzyme of inducible Lysine decarboxylase from Hafnia alvei holoenzyme at 2.19 Angstrom resolution
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.2 Å

EMDB-47364, PDB-9e0o:
CryoEM structure of inducible Lysine decarboxylase from Hafnia alvei L-hydrazino-Lysine analog at 2.04 Angstrom resolution
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.0 Å

EMDB-47366, PDB-9e0q:
CryoEM structure of inducible Lysine decarboxylase from Hafnia alvei D-hydrazino-Lysine analog at 2.3 Angstrom resolution
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.3 Å

PDB-9dui:
Re-refined of Crystal structure of dopa decarboxylase in complex with the inhibitor carbidopa (1JS3) with ketoenamine form of carbidopa
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Resolution: 2.25 Å

PDB-9gns:
X-ray structure of Human holo aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) complex with Carbidopa at physiological pH
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Resolution: 1.93 Å

Chemicals

PDB-1bcs:
COMPLEX OF THE WHEAT SERINE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE, CPDW-II, WITH THE MICROBIAL PEPTIDE ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR, CHYMOSTATIN, AND ARGININE AT 100 DEGREES KELVIN

ChemComp-SO4:
SULFATE ION

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

PDB-1bd1:
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ONE TURN OF G/C-RICH B-DNA

PDB-1bd0:
ALANINE RACEMASE COMPLEXED WITH ALANINE PHOSPHONATE

ChemComp-PLP:
PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE

ChemComp-142:
CARBIDOPA / medication*YM

ChemComp-PG4:
TETRAETHYLENE GLYCOL / precipitant*YM

Source
  • hafnia alvei atcc 51873 (bacteria)
  • sus scrofa (pig)
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsLYASE / DOPA decarboxylase / carbiDOPA / Parkinson's disease / Vitamin B6 / L-lysine carboxylyase / pH homeostasis / cadaverine / pyridoxal-phosphate protein / L-Lysine decarboxylase / alpha-hydrazone inhibitor / D-alpha-hydrazone inhibitor / BIOSYNTHETIC PROTEIN / DDC / aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase / AADC

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