5BK8

Cancer-associated SHP2/T507K mutant

Summary for 5BK8

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb5bk8/pdb
• Descriptor: Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (2 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: phosphatase, shp2, ptpn11, t507k, hydrolase
• Biological source: Homo sapiens (Human)
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 61789.72

Authors

Yu, Z.H.,Zhang, R.Y.,Zhang, Z.Y. (deposition date: 2019-06-01, release date: 2020-04-08, Last modification date: 2023-09-27)

Primary citation

Zhang, R.Y.,Yu, Z.H.,Chen, L.,Walls, C.D.,Zhang, S.,Wu, L.,Zhang, Z.Y.
Mechanistic insights explain the transforming potential of the T507K substitution in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2.
J.Biol.Chem., 295:6187-6201, 2020

PubMed Abstract: The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is an allosteric enzyme critical for cellular events downstream of growth factor receptors. Mutations in the gene have been linked to many different types of human diseases, including developmental disorders, leukemia, and solid tumors. Unlike most SHP2-activating mutations, the T507K substitution in SHP2 is unique in that it exhibits oncogenic Ras-like transforming activity. However, the biochemical basis of how the SHP2/T507K variant elicits transformation remains unclear. By combining kinetic and biophysical methods, X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling, as well as using cell biology approaches, here we uncovered that the T507K substitution alters both SHP2 substrate specificity and its allosteric regulatory mechanism. We found that although SHP2/T507K exists in the closed, autoinhibited conformation similar to the WT enzyme, the interactions between its N-SH2 and protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains are weakened such that SHP2/T507K possesses a higher affinity for the scaffolding protein Grb2-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1). We also discovered that the T507K substitution alters the structure of the SHP2 active site, resulting in a change in SHP2 substrate preference for Sprouty1, a known negative regulator of Ras signaling and a potential tumor suppressor. Our results suggest that SHP2/T507K's shift in substrate specificity coupled with its preferential association of SHP2/T507K with Gab1 enable the mutant SHP2 to more efficiently dephosphorylate Sprouty1 at pTyr-53. This dephosphorylation hyperactivates Ras signaling, which is likely responsible for SHP2/T507K's Ras-like transforming activity.

PubMed: 32188694
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010274

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.25 Å)