4ZYY

Human GAR transformylase in complex with GAR and (S)-2-({5-[4-(2-Amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-6-yl)butyl]thiophene-3-carbonyl}amino)pentanedioic acid (AGF118)

Summary for 4ZYY

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb4zyy/pdb
• Related: 1MEJ 1MEN 1MEO 1NJS 1RBM 1RBQ 1RBY 1RBZ 1RC0 1RC1 1ZLX 1ZLY 4EW2 4EW3 4ZYT 4ZYU 4ZYV 4ZYW 4ZYX 4ZYZ 4ZZ0 4ZZ1 4ZZ2 4ZZ3
• Descriptor: Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3, GLYCINAMIDE RIBONUCLEOTIDE, (S)-2-({5-[4-(2-Amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-6-yl)butyl]thiophene-3-carbonyl}amino)pentanedioic acid, ... (4 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: gar transformylase, antifolate, transferase-transferase inhibitor complex, transferase/transferase inhibitor
• Biological source: Homo sapiens (Human)
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 23555.79

Authors

Deis, S.M.,Dann III, C.E. (deposition date: 2015-05-22, release date: 2016-04-20, Last modification date: 2023-09-27)

Primary citation

Deis, S.M.,Doshi, A.,Hou, Z.,Matherly, L.H.,Gangjee, A.,Dann, C.E.
Structural and Enzymatic Analysis of Tumor-Targeted Antifolates That Inhibit Glycinamide Ribonucleotide Formyltransferase.
Biochemistry, 55:4574-4582, 2016

PubMed Abstract: Pemetrexed and methotrexate are antifolates used for cancer chemotherapy and inflammatory diseases. These agents have toxic side effects resulting, in part, from nonspecific cellular transport by the reduced folate carrier (RFC), a ubiquitously expressed facilitative transporter. We previously described 2-amino-4-oxo-6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates with modifications of the side chain linker and aromatic ring that are poor substrates for RFC but are efficiently transported via folate receptors (FRs) and the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). These targeted antifolates are cytotoxic in vitro toward FR- and PCFT-expressing tumor cells and in vivo with human tumor xenografts in immune-compromised mice, reflecting selective cellular uptake. Antitumor efficacy is due to inhibition of glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) formyltransferase (GARFTase) activity in de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. This study used purified human GARFTase (formyltransferase domain) to assess in vitro inhibition by eight novel thieno- and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates. Seven analogues (AGF23, AGF71, AGF94, AGF117, AGF118, AGF145, and AGF147) inhibited GARFTase with Ki values in the low- to mid-nanomolar concentration range, whereas AGF50 inhibited GARFTase with micromolar potency similar to that of PMX. On the basis of crystal structures of ternary complexes with GARFTase, β-GAR, and the monoglutamyl antifolates, differences in inhibitory potencies correlated well with antifolate binding and the positions of the terminal carboxylates. Our data provide a mechanistic basis for differences in inhibitory potencies between these novel antifolates and a framework for future structure-based drug design. These analogues could be more efficacious than clinically used antifolates, reflecting their selective cellular uptake by FRs and PCFT and potent GARFTase inhibition.

PubMed: 27439469
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00412

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.85 Å)