#1: Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2004 Title: The structure of a thermophilic archaeal virus shows a double-stranded DNA viral capsid type that spans all domains of life. Authors: George Rice / Liang Tang / Kenneth Stedman / Francisco Roberto / Josh Spuhler / Eric Gillitzer / John E Johnson / Trevor Douglas / Mark Young / Abstract: Of the three domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea), the least understood is Archaea and its associated viruses. Many Archaea are extremophiles, with species that are capable of growth at ...Of the three domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea), the least understood is Archaea and its associated viruses. Many Archaea are extremophiles, with species that are capable of growth at some of the highest temperatures and extremes of pH of all known organisms. Phylogenetic rRNA-encoding DNA analysis places many of the hyperthermophilic Archaea (species with an optimum growth > or = 80 degrees C) at the base of the universal tree of life, suggesting that thermophiles were among the first forms of life on earth. Very few viruses have been identified from Archaea as compared to Bacteria and Eukarya. We report here the structure of a hyperthermophilic virus isolated from an archaeal host found in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. The sequence of the circular double-stranded DNA viral genome shows that it shares little similarity to other known genes in viruses or other organisms. By comparing the tertiary and quaternary structures of the coat protein of this virus with those of a bacterial and an animal virus, we find conformational relationships among all three, suggesting that some viruses may have a common ancestor that precedes the division into three domains of life >3 billion years ago.
Mass: 12000.183 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Source: (gene. exp.) SULFOLOBUS TURRETED ICOSAHEDRAL VIRUS / Strain: ISOLATE YNPRC179 Description: STIV WAS ISOLATED FROM SULFOLOBUS SPECIES IN ACIDIC HOT SPRINGS (PH 2.9-3.9, 72-92 DEGREES C)IN THE RABBIT CREEK THERMAL AREA WITHIN MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, USA. Plasmid: PEXP14-STIVF93 / Production host: ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. coli) / Strain (production host): BL21(DE3)-CODON PLUS (RIL) / References: UniProt: Q6Q0J9
Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 69 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O
Sequence details
C-TERMINAL 6XHIS TAG WAS ADDED DURING CLONING TO FACILITATE PURIFICATION
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Experimental details
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Experiment
Experiment
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Number of used crystals: 1
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Sample preparation
Crystal
Density Matthews: 2.1 Å3/Da / Density % sol: 41 % / Description: NONE
Crystal grow
Method: vapor diffusion, hanging drop / pH: 4.75 Details: HANGING DROP VAPOR DIFFUSION, 9.0-10.5 MG/ML F93 IN 10 MM TRIS-HCL, PH 8.0, 50 MM NACL, 0.5 MM TCEP MIXED WITH BUFFER CONTAINING 0.1 M SODIUM ACETATE, PH 4.75-5.0, 0.1 M MAGNESIUM NITRATE ...Details: HANGING DROP VAPOR DIFFUSION, 9.0-10.5 MG/ML F93 IN 10 MM TRIS-HCL, PH 8.0, 50 MM NACL, 0.5 MM TCEP MIXED WITH BUFFER CONTAINING 0.1 M SODIUM ACETATE, PH 4.75-5.0, 0.1 M MAGNESIUM NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE, 16-20% PEG 20,000.
Type: ADSC QUANTUM 315 / Detector: CCD / Date: Mar 17, 2006 Details: VERTICAL FOCUSING MIRROR, SINGLE CRYSTAL SI(311) BENT MONOCHROMATOR (HORIZONTAL FOCUSING)
Radiation
Monochromator: SIDE-SCATTERING CUBEROOT I- BEAM BENT SINGLE CRYSTAL, ASYMETRIC CUT 12.2 DEGS. Protocol: SINGLE WAVELENGTH / Monochromatic (M) / Laue (L): M / Scattering type: x-ray
Radiation wavelength
Wavelength: 0.98789 Å / Relative weight: 1
Reflection
Resolution: 2.2→50 Å / Num. obs: 10466 / % possible obs: 99.8 % / Observed criterion σ(I): 3 / Redundancy: 7.1 % / Rmerge(I) obs: 0.06 / Net I/σ(I): 33
Reflection shell
Resolution: 2.2→2.28 Å / Redundancy: 7.3 % / Rmerge(I) obs: 0.34 / Mean I/σ(I) obs: 4.2 / % possible all: 100
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Processing
Software
Name
Version
Classification
HKL-2000
datareduction
HKL-2000
datascaling
SOLVE
phasing
RESOLVE
phasing
REFMAC
5.2.0019
refinement
Refinement
Method to determine structure: SAD Starting model: NONE Resolution: 2.2→46.37 Å / Cor.coef. Fo:Fc: 0.957 / Cor.coef. Fo:Fc free: 0.941 / SU B: 13.322 / SU ML: 0.17 / TLS residual ADP flag: LIKELY RESIDUAL / Cross valid method: THROUGHOUT / ESU R: 0.304 / ESU R Free: 0.213 / Stereochemistry target values: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD Details: HYDROGENS HAVE BEEN ADDED IN THE RIDING POSITIONS. TLS MOTION DETERMINATION SERVER (J PAINTER & E A MERRITT (2006) J. APPL. CRYST. 39, 109-111) WAS USED FOR SELECTION OF OPTIMAL TLS GROUPS USED IN REFINEMENT.
Rfactor
Num. reflection
% reflection
Selection details
Rfree
0.232
508
4.9 %
RANDOM
Rwork
0.19
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obs
0.192
9938
99.7 %
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Solvent computation
Ion probe radii: 0.8 Å / Shrinkage radii: 0.8 Å / VDW probe radii: 1.2 Å / Solvent model: BABINET MODEL WITH MASK