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- EMDB-11587: Partial structure of the substrate-free tyrosine hydroxylase (apo-TH). -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-11587
TitlePartial structure of the substrate-free tyrosine hydroxylase (apo-TH).
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: Tyrosine hydroxylase
    • Protein or peptide: Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
  • Ligand: FE (III) ION
  • Ligand: water
KeywordsTetramer / Catecholamine / Brain / Parkinson / OXIDOREDUCTASE
Function / homology
Function and homology information


tyrosine 3-monooxygenase / tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity / phytoalexin metabolic process / dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine / phthalate metabolic process / glycoside metabolic process / isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process / terpene metabolic process / norepinephrine biosynthetic process / embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis ...tyrosine 3-monooxygenase / tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity / phytoalexin metabolic process / dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine / phthalate metabolic process / glycoside metabolic process / isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process / terpene metabolic process / norepinephrine biosynthetic process / embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis / circadian sleep/wake cycle / epinephrine biosynthetic process / Catecholamine biosynthesis / hyaloid vascular plexus regression / response to pyrethroid / aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle / dopamine binding / response to isolation stress / eye photoreceptor cell development / sphingolipid metabolic process / response to ether / melanosome membrane / synaptic transmission, dopaminergic / tetrahydrobiopterin binding / response to herbicide / mating behavior / dopamine biosynthetic process / response to corticosterone / pigmentation / response to zinc ion / eating behavior / cellular response to alkaloid / amino acid binding / regulation of heart contraction / social behavior / response to immobilization stress / response to light stimulus / anatomical structure morphogenesis / cellular response to manganese ion / smooth endoplasmic reticulum / response to electrical stimulus / heart morphogenesis / response to salt stress / visual perception / response to amphetamine / ferric iron binding / learning / animal organ morphogenesis / response to activity / fatty acid metabolic process / locomotory behavior / response to nutrient levels / cellular response to glucose stimulus / ferrous iron binding / terminal bouton / cellular response to growth factor stimulus / cerebral cortex development / oxygen binding / memory / response to peptide hormone / cellular response to nicotine / cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane / synaptic vesicle / cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus / response to estradiol / heart development / cytoplasmic vesicle / perikaryon / response to lipopolysaccharide / response to ethanol / response to hypoxia / neuron projection / protein domain specific binding / axon / dendrite / perinuclear region of cytoplasm / enzyme binding / mitochondrion / identical protein binding / nucleus / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase / Tyrosine hydroxylase, conserved site / Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, catalytic domain / : / Tyrosine hydroxylase N terminal / Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like, ACT domain / Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like / Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, iron/copper binding site / Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases signature. / Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase ...Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase / Tyrosine hydroxylase, conserved site / Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, catalytic domain / : / Tyrosine hydroxylase N terminal / Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like, ACT domain / Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like / Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, iron/copper binding site / Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases signature. / Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase / Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, C-terminal / Aromatic amino acid monoxygenase, C-terminal domain superfamily / Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase superfamily / Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase / Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family profile. / ACT-like domain
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.5 Å
AuthorsBueno-Carrasco MT / Cuellar J
Funding support Norway, Spain, 2 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Research Council of NorwayFRIMEDBIO 261826 Norway
Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and UniversitiesPID2019-105872GB-I00 Spain
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2022
Title: Structural mechanism for tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition by dopamine and reactivation by Ser40 phosphorylation.
Authors: María Teresa Bueno-Carrasco / Jorge Cuéllar / Marte I Flydal / César Santiago / Trond-André Kråkenes / Rune Kleppe / José R López-Blanco / Miguel Marcilla / Knut Teigen / Sara Alvira ...Authors: María Teresa Bueno-Carrasco / Jorge Cuéllar / Marte I Flydal / César Santiago / Trond-André Kråkenes / Rune Kleppe / José R López-Blanco / Miguel Marcilla / Knut Teigen / Sara Alvira / Pablo Chacón / Aurora Martinez / José M Valpuesta /
Abstract: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of dopamine (DA) and other catecholamines, and its dysfunction leads to DA deficiency and parkinsonisms. Inhibition by ...Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of dopamine (DA) and other catecholamines, and its dysfunction leads to DA deficiency and parkinsonisms. Inhibition by catecholamines and reactivation by S40 phosphorylation are key regulatory mechanisms of TH activity and conformational stability. We used Cryo-EM to determine the structures of full-length human TH without and with DA, and the structure of S40 phosphorylated TH, complemented with biophysical and biochemical characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations. TH presents a tetrameric structure with dimerized regulatory domains that are separated 15 Å from the catalytic domains. Upon DA binding, a 20-residue α-helix in the flexible N-terminal tail of the regulatory domain is fixed in the active site, blocking it, while S40-phosphorylation forces its egress. The structures reveal the molecular basis of the inhibitory and stabilizing effects of DA and its counteraction by S40-phosphorylation, key regulatory mechanisms for homeostasis of DA and TH.
History
DepositionAug 5, 2020-
Header (metadata) releaseNov 17, 2021-
Map releaseNov 17, 2021-
UpdateJul 10, 2024-
Current statusJul 10, 2024Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.6
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  • Surface view colored by radius
  • Surface level: 0.6
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-6zzu
  • Surface level: 0.6
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Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_11587.png

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_11587.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 22.2 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
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Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.05 Å/pix.
x 180 pix.
= 189. Å		1.05 Å/pix.
x 180 pix.
= 189. Å		1.05 Å/pix.
x 180 pix.
= 189. Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.05 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.6 / Movie #1: 0.6
Minimum - Maximum-1.2709365 - 1.5363786
Average (Standard dev.)0.010036872 (±0.096418455)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions180180180
Spacing180180180
CellA=B=C: 188.99998 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.051.051.05
M x/y/z180180180
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z189.000189.000189.000
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS180180180
D min/max/mean-1.2711.5360.010

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_11587_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_11587_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Slices (1/2)
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Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Tyrosine hydroxylase

EntireName: Tyrosine hydroxylase
Components
  • Complex: Tyrosine hydroxylase
    • Protein or peptide: Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
  • Ligand: FE (III) ION
  • Ligand: water

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Supramolecule #1: Tyrosine hydroxylase

SupramoleculeName: Tyrosine hydroxylase / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

MacromoleculeName: Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 4 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 38.087766 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString: VPWFPRKVSE LDKCHHLVTK FDPDLDLDHP GFSDQVYRQR RKLIAEIAFQ YRHGDPIPRV EYTAEEIATW KEVYTTLKGL YATHACGEH LEAFALLERF SGYREDNIPQ LEDVSRFLKE RTGFQLRPVA GLLSARDFLA SLAFRVFQCT QYIRHASSPM H SPEPDCCH ...String:
VPWFPRKVSE LDKCHHLVTK FDPDLDLDHP GFSDQVYRQR RKLIAEIAFQ YRHGDPIPRV EYTAEEIATW KEVYTTLKGL YATHACGEH LEAFALLERF SGYREDNIPQ LEDVSRFLKE RTGFQLRPVA GLLSARDFLA SLAFRVFQCT QYIRHASSPM H SPEPDCCH ELLGHVPMLA DRTFAQFSQD IGLASLGASD EEIEKLSTLY WFTVEFGLCK QNGEVKAYGA GLLSSYGELL HC LSEEPEI RAFDPEAAAV QPYQDQTYQS VYFVSESFSD AKDKLRSYAS RIQRPFSVKF DPYTLAIDVL DSPQAVRRSL EGV QDELDT LAHALSAIG

UniProtKB: Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

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Macromolecule #2: FE (III) ION

MacromoleculeName: FE (III) ION / type: ligand / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 4 / Formula: FE
Molecular weightTheoretical: 55.845 Da

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Macromolecule #3: water

MacromoleculeName: water / type: ligand / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 4 / Formula: HOH
Molecular weightTheoretical: 18.015 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7
Component:
ConcentrationFormulaName
200.0 mMNaClsodium chloride
20.0 mMHepesHEPES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 95 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Specialist opticsEnergy filter - Name: GIF Quantum LS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 3838 pixel / Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 3710 pixel / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 3867 / Average electron dose: 39.6 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: OTHER / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 3.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm / Nominal magnification: 130000
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Particle selectionNumber selected: 411680
Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.5 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0) / Number images used: 123824
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0)
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0)
Final 3D classificationSoftware - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0)

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