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- EMDB-21971: Bridging of double-strand DNA break activates PARP2/HPF1 to modif... -
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Open data
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Basic information
Entry | Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-21971 | |||||||||
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Title | Bridging of double-strand DNA break activates PARP2/HPF1 to modify chromatin | |||||||||
![]() | Nucleosome 1 | |||||||||
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![]() | DNA repair / PARP1 / PARP2 / HPF1 / ADP-ribosylation / chromatin / histone modifications / GENE REGULATION | |||||||||
Function / homology | ![]() structural constituent of chromatin / nucleosome / nucleosome assembly / protein heterodimerization activity / DNA binding / nucleoplasm / nucleus Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
Biological species | ![]() | |||||||||
Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.8 Å | |||||||||
![]() | Halic M / Bilokapic S | |||||||||
Funding support | ![]()
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![]() | ![]() Title: Bridging of DNA breaks activates PARP2-HPF1 to modify chromatin. Authors: Silvija Bilokapic / Marcin J Suskiewicz / Ivan Ahel / Mario Halic / ![]() ![]() Abstract: Breaks in DNA strands recruit the protein PARP1 and its paralogue PARP2 to modify histones and other substrates through the addition of mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). In the DNA damage responses, ...Breaks in DNA strands recruit the protein PARP1 and its paralogue PARP2 to modify histones and other substrates through the addition of mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). In the DNA damage responses, this post-translational modification occurs predominantly on serine residues and requires HPF1, an accessory factor that switches the amino acid specificity of PARP1 and PARP2 from aspartate or glutamate to serine. Poly(ADP) ribosylation (PARylation) is important for subsequent chromatin decompaction and provides an anchor for the recruitment of downstream signalling and repair factors to the sites of DNA breaks. Here, to understand the molecular mechanism by which PARP enzymes recognize DNA breaks within chromatin, we determined the cryo-electron-microscopic structure of human PARP2-HPF1 bound to a nucleosome. This showed that PARP2-HPF1 bridges two nucleosomes, with the broken DNA aligned in a position suitable for ligation, revealing the initial step in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. The bridging induces structural changes in PARP2 that signal the recognition of a DNA break to the catalytic domain, which licenses HPF1 binding and PARP2 activation. Our data suggest that active PARP2 cycles through different conformational states to exchange NAD and substrate, which may enable PARP enzymes to act processively while bound to chromatin. The processes of PARP activation and the PARP catalytic cycle we describe can explain mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors and will aid the development of better inhibitors as cancer treatments. | |||||||||
History |
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Structure visualization
Movie |
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Structure viewer | EM map: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Supplemental images |
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
Map data | ![]() | 394.9 MB | ![]() | |
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Header (meta data) | ![]() ![]() | 17.1 KB 17.1 KB | Display Display | ![]() |
Images | ![]() | 41.9 KB | ||
Filedesc metadata | ![]() | 5.8 KB | ||
Archive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | ![]() 6wz9MC ![]() 6wz5C ![]() 6x0lC ![]() 6x0mC ![]() 6x0nC C: citing same article ( M: atomic model generated by this map |
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Similar structure data |
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Links
EMDB pages | ![]() ![]() |
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Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
File | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Annotation | Nucleosome 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 1.06 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density |
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Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Details | EMDB XML:
CCP4 map header:
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-Supplemental data
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Sample components
-Entire : Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA...
Entire | Name: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA Complex |
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Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA...
Supramolecule | Name: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA Complex type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all / Details: Nucleosome 1 from PARP2/HPF1_Nucleosome complex |
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Molecular weight | Theoretical: 240 KDa |
-Supramolecule #2: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1 2
Supramolecule | Name: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1 2 type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1-#4 |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
-Supramolecule #3: DNA
Supramolecule | Name: DNA / type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #5-#6 |
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Source (natural) | Organism: synthetic construct (others) |
-Macromolecule #1: Histone H3.2
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H3.2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 15.30393 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: ARTKQTARKS TGGKAPRKQL ATKAARKSAP ATGGVKKPHR YRPGTVALRE IRRYQKSTEL LIRKLPFQRL VREIAQDFKT DLRFQSSAV MALQEASEAY LVALFEDTNL CAIHAKRVTI MPKDIQLARR IRGERA UniProtKB: Histone H3.2 |
-Macromolecule #2: Histone H4
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 11.263231 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: SGRGKGGKGL GKGGAKRHRK VLRDNIQGIT KPAIRRLARR GGVKRISGLI YEETRGVLKV FLENVIRDAV TYTEHAKRKT VTAMDVVYA LKRQGRTLYG FGG UniProtKB: Histone H4 |
-Macromolecule #3: Histone H2A
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H2A / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 13.978241 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: SGRGKQGGKT RAKAKTRSSR AGLQFPVGRV HRLLRKGNYA ERVGAGAPVY LAAVLEYLTA EILELAGNAA RDNKKTRIIP RHLQLAVRN DEELNKLLGR VTIAQGGVLP NIQSVLLPKK TESSKSAKSK UniProtKB: Histone H2A |
-Macromolecule #4: Histone H2B 1.1
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H2B 1.1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 13.524752 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: AKSAPAPKKG SKKAVTKTQK KDGKKRRKTR KESYAIYVYK VLKQVHPDTG ISSKAMSIMN SFVNDVFERI AGEASRLAHY NKRSTITSR EIQTAVRLLL PGELAKHAVS EGTKAVTKYT SAK UniProtKB: Histone H2B 1.1 |
-Macromolecule #5: DNA
Macromolecule | Name: DNA / type: dna / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA |
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Source (natural) | Organism: synthetic construct (others) |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 51.776004 KDa |
Sequence | String: (DC)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA) (DC)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG) (DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA) ...String: (DC)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA) (DC)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG) (DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT) (DT)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) (DG)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DG) (DG)(DC)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DC)(DT) (DC)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DC) (DA)(DT) (DC)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DG) |
-Macromolecule #6: DNA
Macromolecule | Name: DNA / type: dna / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA |
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Source (natural) | Organism: synthetic construct (others) |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 51.330684 KDa |
Sequence | String: (DC)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA) (DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC) ...String: (DC)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA) (DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DG) (DC)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DA)(DC) (DG)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DT)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC) (DC)(DA)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DT)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DC) (DA)(DG)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DA) (DT)(DG) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DG) |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
Method | cryo EM |
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![]() | single particle reconstruction |
Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
Concentration | 0.1 mg/mL |
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Buffer | pH: 7.5 |
Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy
Microscope | FEI TITAN KRIOS |
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Image recording | Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Average electron dose: 80.0 e/Å2 |
Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: ![]() |
Electron optics | Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD |
Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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Image processing
Startup model | Type of model: EMDB MAP |
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Final reconstruction | Applied symmetry - Point group: C2 (2 fold cyclic) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 934000 |
Initial angle assignment | Type: OTHER |
Final angle assignment | Type: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD |