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- EMDB-21971: Bridging of double-strand DNA break activates PARP2/HPF1 to modif... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-21971
TitleBridging of double-strand DNA break activates PARP2/HPF1 to modify chromatin
Map dataNucleosome 1
Sample
  • Complex: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA Complex
    • Complex: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1 2
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H3.2
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H4
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2A
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2B 1.1
    • Complex: DNA
      • DNA: DNA
      • DNA: DNA
KeywordsDNA repair / PARP1 / PARP2 / HPF1 / ADP-ribosylation / chromatin / histone modifications / GENE REGULATION
Function / homology
Function and homology information


structural constituent of chromatin / nucleosome / protein heterodimerization activity / DNA binding / nucleoplasm / nucleus
Similarity search - Function
Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H4, conserved site ...Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H4, conserved site / Histone H4 signature. / Histone H4 / Histone H4 / CENP-T/Histone H4, histone fold / Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold / TATA box binding protein associated factor / TATA box binding protein associated factor (TAF), histone-like fold domain / Histone H3 signature 1. / Histone H3 signature 2. / Histone H3 / Histone H3/CENP-A / Histone H2A/H2B/H3 / Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4 / Histone-fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Histone H2B 1.1 / Histone H2A type 1 / Histone H4 / Histone H3.2 / Histone H2A
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesXenopus laevis (African clawed frog) / synthetic construct (others)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.8 Å
AuthorsHalic M / Bilokapic S
Funding support United States, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)1R01GM135599-01 United States
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2020
Title: Bridging of DNA breaks activates PARP2-HPF1 to modify chromatin.
Authors: Silvija Bilokapic / Marcin J Suskiewicz / Ivan Ahel / Mario Halic /
Abstract: Breaks in DNA strands recruit the protein PARP1 and its paralogue PARP2 to modify histones and other substrates through the addition of mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). In the DNA damage responses, ...Breaks in DNA strands recruit the protein PARP1 and its paralogue PARP2 to modify histones and other substrates through the addition of mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). In the DNA damage responses, this post-translational modification occurs predominantly on serine residues and requires HPF1, an accessory factor that switches the amino acid specificity of PARP1 and PARP2 from aspartate or glutamate to serine. Poly(ADP) ribosylation (PARylation) is important for subsequent chromatin decompaction and provides an anchor for the recruitment of downstream signalling and repair factors to the sites of DNA breaks. Here, to understand the molecular mechanism by which PARP enzymes recognize DNA breaks within chromatin, we determined the cryo-electron-microscopic structure of human PARP2-HPF1 bound to a nucleosome. This showed that PARP2-HPF1 bridges two nucleosomes, with the broken DNA aligned in a position suitable for ligation, revealing the initial step in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. The bridging induces structural changes in PARP2 that signal the recognition of a DNA break to the catalytic domain, which licenses HPF1 binding and PARP2 activation. Our data suggest that active PARP2 cycles through different conformational states to exchange NAD and substrate, which may enable PARP enzymes to act processively while bound to chromatin. The processes of PARP activation and the PARP catalytic cycle we describe can explain mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors and will aid the development of better inhibitors as cancer treatments.
History
DepositionMay 13, 2020-
Header (metadata) releaseSep 16, 2020-
Map releaseSep 16, 2020-
UpdateMar 6, 2024-
Current statusMar 6, 2024Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.028
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view colored by radius
  • Surface level: 0.028
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-6wz9
  • Surface level: 0.028
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_21971.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_21971.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 421.9 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationNucleosome 1
Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.06 Å
Density
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.04 / Movie #1: 0.028
Minimum - Maximum-0.060588792 - 0.13322568
Average (Standard dev.)0.0000406272 (±0.0020052202)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions480480480
Spacing480480480
CellA=B=C: 508.8 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.061.061.06
M x/y/z480480480
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z508.800508.800508.800
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS480480480
D min/max/mean-0.0610.1330.000

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Supplemental data

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Sample components

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Entire : Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA...

EntireName: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA Complex
Components
  • Complex: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA Complex
    • Complex: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1 2
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H3.2
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H4
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2A
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2B 1.1
    • Complex: DNA
      • DNA: DNA
      • DNA: DNA

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Supramolecule #1: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA...

SupramoleculeName: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1/DNA Complex
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all / Details: Nucleosome 1 from PARP2/HPF1_Nucleosome complex
Molecular weightTheoretical: 240 KDa

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Supramolecule #2: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1 2

SupramoleculeName: Histone H3.2, Histone H4, Histone H2A type 1, Histone H2B 1.1 2
type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1-#4
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)

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Supramolecule #3: DNA

SupramoleculeName: DNA / type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #5-#6
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)

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Macromolecule #1: Histone H3.2

MacromoleculeName: Histone H3.2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 15.30393 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
ARTKQTARKS TGGKAPRKQL ATKAARKSAP ATGGVKKPHR YRPGTVALRE IRRYQKSTEL LIRKLPFQRL VREIAQDFKT DLRFQSSAV MALQEASEAY LVALFEDTNL CAIHAKRVTI MPKDIQLARR IRGERA

UniProtKB: Histone H3.2

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Macromolecule #2: Histone H4

MacromoleculeName: Histone H4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 11.263231 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
SGRGKGGKGL GKGGAKRHRK VLRDNIQGIT KPAIRRLARR GGVKRISGLI YEETRGVLKV FLENVIRDAV TYTEHAKRKT VTAMDVVYA LKRQGRTLYG FGG

UniProtKB: Histone H4

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Macromolecule #3: Histone H2A

MacromoleculeName: Histone H2A / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.978241 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
SGRGKQGGKT RAKAKTRSSR AGLQFPVGRV HRLLRKGNYA ERVGAGAPVY LAAVLEYLTA EILELAGNAA RDNKKTRIIP RHLQLAVRN DEELNKLLGR VTIAQGGVLP NIQSVLLPKK TESSKSAKSK

UniProtKB: Histone H2A

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Macromolecule #4: Histone H2B 1.1

MacromoleculeName: Histone H2B 1.1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.524752 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
AKSAPAPKKG SKKAVTKTQK KDGKKRRKTR KESYAIYVYK VLKQVHPDTG ISSKAMSIMN SFVNDVFERI AGEASRLAHY NKRSTITSR EIQTAVRLLL PGELAKHAVS EGTKAVTKYT SAK

UniProtKB: Histone H2B 1.1

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Macromolecule #5: DNA

MacromoleculeName: DNA / type: dna / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 51.776004 KDa
SequenceString: (DC)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA) (DC)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG) (DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA) ...String:
(DC)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA) (DC)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG) (DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT) (DT)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) (DG)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DG) (DG)(DC)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DC)(DT) (DC)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DC) (DA)(DT) (DC)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DG)

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Macromolecule #6: DNA

MacromoleculeName: DNA / type: dna / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 51.330684 KDa
SequenceString: (DC)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA) (DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC) ...String:
(DC)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA) (DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DG) (DC)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DA)(DC) (DG)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DT)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC) (DC)(DA)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DT)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DC) (DA)(DG)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DA) (DT)(DG) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

Concentration0.1 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Average electron dose: 80.0 e/Å2
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: EMDB MAP
Initial angle assignmentType: OTHER
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C2 (2 fold cyclic) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 934000

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