9I2N

Crystal structure of zebrafish S100I1 protein in apo form

Summary for 9I2N

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb9i2n/pdb
• Related: 9HYG 9I1G
• Descriptor: Protein S100 (2 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: s100 protein, alarmin, ef-hand motif, calcium-binding protein, signaling protein
• Biological source: Danio rerio (zebrafish)
• Total number of polymer chains: 4
• Total formula weight: 42192.48

Authors

Paris, T.,Yatime, L. (deposition date: 2025-01-21, release date: 2025-12-03, Last modification date: 2025-12-10)

Primary citation

Hernandez, L.,Paris, T.,Demou, M.,Birck, C.,Begon-Pescia, C.,Rodriguez Vidal, J.F.,Tyrkalska, S.D.,Bureau, C.,Gonzalez, C.,Gracia, J.,Lelievre, E.,Mulero, V.,Nguyen-Chi, M.,Yatime, L.
Teleost-specific ictacalcins exhibit similar structural organization, cation-dependent activation, and transcriptional regulation as human S100 proteins.
Febs J., 2025

PubMed Abstract: S100 proteins are highly versatile calcium-binding proteins from vertebrates. Following extracellular release, they become essential in immune and antimicrobial defenses, initiating the inflammatory response through receptor signaling and providing direct control of bacterial invaders via nutritional immunity. While mammalian S100s have been extensively studied, very little is known about the more recently discovered S100 proteins from teleost fish, including those with no strict orthologs in mammals. Comparable functioning between both clades would allow us to expand their study into the highly popular zebrafish model, which is particularly suited for live imaging and mechanistic exploration of immune and inflammatory processes. To fill the gap of knowledge on teleost S100s, we here provide detailed structural and biochemical characterization of S100i1 and S100i2 from Danio rerio, two teleost-specific S100s absent in mammals. We demonstrate that they nevertheless share conserved tertiary and quaternary organization with mammalian S100s. In addition, they exhibit comparable calcium binding properties and undergo a similar calcium-dependent activation mechanism. Furthermore, they display analogous expression patterns, being enriched in tissues highly exposed to the environment such as gills and skin, the latter constituting an important reservoir of S100 proteins in mammals. Finally, our results show, for the very first time, that s100i2/i2 gene expression is differentially modulated in sterile disease conditions associated with sustained inflammation or a high hypoxic state. Altogether, these findings underline the strong parallelism existing between mammalian and teleost-specific S100 proteins despite their divergent evolution, opening up new avenues to explore their biology in the zebrafish model.

PubMed: 41313715
DOI: 10.1111/febs.70354

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.5 Å)