5DEN

The First Structure of a Full-Length Mammalian Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Reveals the Architecture of an Auto-inhibited Tetramer

5DEN の概要

• エントリーDOI: 10.2210/pdb5den/pdb
• 分子名称: Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, FE (III) ION (3 entities in total)
• 機能のキーワード: mammalian phenylalanine hydroxylase, allosteric regulation by phenylalanine, phenylketonuria, act-containing, oxidoreductase
• 由来する生物種: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
• タンパク質・核酸の鎖数: 4
• 化学式量合計: 207709.62

構造登録者

Arturo, E.C.,Loll, P.J.,Jaffe, E.K. (登録日: 2015-08-25, 公開日: 2016-02-17, 最終更新日: 2023-09-27)

主引用文献

Arturo, E.C.,Gupta, K.,Heroux, A.,Stith, L.,Cross, P.J.,Parker, E.J.,Loll, P.J.,Jaffe, E.K.
First structure of full-length mammalian phenylalanine hydroxylase reveals the architecture of an autoinhibited tetramer.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 113:2394-2399, 2016

PubMed Abstract: Improved understanding of the relationship among structure, dynamics, and function for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) can lead to needed new therapies for phenylketonuria, the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. PAH is a multidomain homo-multimeric protein whose conformation and multimerization properties respond to allosteric activation by the substrate phenylalanine (Phe); the allosteric regulation is necessary to maintain Phe below neurotoxic levels. A recently introduced model for allosteric regulation of PAH involves major domain motions and architecturally distinct PAH tetramers [Jaffe EK, Stith L, Lawrence SH, Andrake M, Dunbrack RL, Jr (2013) Arch Biochem Biophys 530(2):73-82]. Herein, we present, to our knowledge, the first X-ray crystal structure for a full-length mammalian (rat) PAH in an autoinhibited conformation. Chromatographic isolation of a monodisperse tetrameric PAH, in the absence of Phe, facilitated determination of the 2.9 Å crystal structure. The structure of full-length PAH supersedes a composite homology model that had been used extensively to rationalize phenylketonuria genotype-phenotype relationships. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirms that this tetramer, which dominates in the absence of Phe, is different from a Phe-stabilized allosterically activated PAH tetramer. The lack of structural detail for activated PAH remains a barrier to complete understanding of phenylketonuria genotype-phenotype relationships. Nevertheless, the use of SAXS and X-ray crystallography together to inspect PAH structure provides, to our knowledge, the first complete view of the enzyme in a tetrameric form that was not possible with prior partial crystal structures, and facilitates interpretation of a wealth of biochemical and structural data that was hitherto impossible to evaluate.

PubMed: 26884182
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516967113

実験手法

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.9 Å)