4O63

Co-enzyme Induced Conformational Changes in Bovine Eye Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Summary for 4O63

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb4o63/pdb
• Related: 4O59
• Descriptor: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE (3 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: oxidoreductase, transferase
• Biological source: Bos taurus (bovine,cow,domestic cattle,domestic cow)
• Cellular location: Cytoplasm, cytosol : P10096
• Total number of polymer chains: 4
• Total formula weight: 145121.67

Authors

Baker, B.Y.,Shi, W.,Wang, B.,Palczewski, K. (deposition date: 2013-12-20, release date: 2014-09-24, Last modification date: 2023-09-20)

Primary citation

Baker, B.Y.,Shi, W.,Wang, B.,Palczewski, K.
High-resolution crystal structures of the photoreceptor glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with three and four-bound NAD molecules.
Protein Sci., 23:1629-1639, 2014

PubMed Abstract: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 1,3-diphosphoglycerate (BGP) in the presence of the NAD cofactor. GAPDH is an important drug target because of its central role in glycolysis, and nonglycolytic processes such as nuclear RNA transport, DNA replication/repair, membrane fusion and cellular apoptosis. Recent studies found that GAPDH participates in the development of diabetic retinopathy and its progression after the cessation of hyperglycemia. Here, we report two structures for native bovine photoreceptor GAPDH as a homotetramer with differing occupancy by NAD, bGAPDH(NAD)4 , and bGAPDH(NAD)3 . The bGAPDH(NAD)4 was solved at 1.52 Å, the highest resolution for GAPDH. Structural comparison of the bGAPDH(NAD)4 and bGAPDH(NAD)3 models revealed novel details of conformational changes induced by cofactor binding, including a loop region (residues 54-56). Structure analysis of bGAPDH confirmed the importance of Phe34 in NAD binding, and demonstrated that Phe34 was stabilized in the presence of NAD but displayed greater mobility in its absence. The oxidative state of the active site Cys149 residue is regulated by NAD binding, because this residue was found oxidized in the absence of dinucleotide. The distance between Cys149 and His176 decreased upon NAD binding and Cys149 remained in a reduced state when NAD was bound. These findings provide an important structural step for understanding the mechanism of GAPDH activity in vision and its pathological role in retinopathies.

PubMed: 25176140
DOI: 10.1002/pro.2543

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.93 Å)