4DL9

Crystal structure of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in complex with NAD+

Summary for 4DL9

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb4dl9/pdb
• Related: 4DLA 4DLB
• Descriptor: Alcohol dehydrogenase class III, ZINC ION, NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE, ... (6 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: rossmann fold, oxidoreductase, alcohol dehydrogenase class-3, s-nitrosoglutathione, nad+
• Biological source: Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 87330.34

Authors

Kopecny, D.,Tylichova, M.,Briozzo, P. (deposition date: 2012-02-06, release date: 2012-12-26, Last modification date: 2023-09-13)

Primary citation

Kubienova, L.,Kopecny, D.,Tylichova, M.,Briozzo, P.,Skopalova, J.,Sebela, M.,Navratil, M.,Tache, R.,Luhova, L.,Barroso, J.B.,Petrivalsky, M.
Structural and functional characterization of a plant S-nitrosoglutathione reductase from Solanum lycopersicum.
Biochimie, 95:889-902, 2013

PubMed Abstract: S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), also known as S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione (HMGSH) dehydrogenase, belongs to the large alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily, namely to the class III ADHs. GSNOR catalyses the oxidation of HMGSH to S-formylglutathione using a catalytic zinc and NAD(+) as a coenzyme. The enzyme also catalyses the NADH-dependent reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). In plants, GSNO has been suggested to serve as a nitric oxide (NO) reservoir locally or possibly as NO donor in distant cells and tissues. NO and NO-related molecules such as S-nitrosothiols (S-NOs) play a central role in the regulation of normal plant physiological processes and host defence. The enzyme thus participates in the cellular homeostasis of S-NOs and in the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species. Although GSNOR has recently been characterized from several organisms, this study represents the first detailed biochemical and structural characterization of a plant GSNOR, that from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlGSNOR gene expression is higher in roots and stems compared to leaves of young plants. It is highly expressed in the pistil and stamens and in fruits during ripening. The enzyme is a dimer and preferentially catalyses reduction of GSNO while glutathione and S-methylglutathione behave as non-competitive inhibitors. Using NAD(+), the enzyme oxidizes HMGSH and other alcohols such as cinnamylalcohol, geraniol and ω-hydroxyfatty acids. The crystal structures of the apoenzyme, of the enzyme in complex with NAD(+) and in complex with NADH, solved up to 1.9 Å resolution, represent the first structures of a plant GSNOR. They confirm that the binding of the coenzyme is associated with the active site zinc movement and changes in its coordination. In comparison to the well characterized human GSNOR, plant GSNORs exhibit a difference in the composition of the anion-binding pocket, which negatively influences the affinity for the carboxyl group of ω-hydroxyfatty acids.

PubMed: 23274177
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.12.009

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.85 Å)