2BN1

Insulin after a high dose x-ray burn

Summary for 2BN1

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb2bn1/pdb
• Related: 1APH 1BPH 1CPH 1DPH 1HO0 1PID 2BN3 2INS
• Descriptor: INSULIN A CHAIN, INSULIN B CHAIN (3 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: radiation damage, phasing, rip, carbohydrate metabolism, glucose metabolism, hormone, insulin family
• Biological source: BOS TAURUS (BOVINE); More
• Cellular location: Secreted: P01317 P01317
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 5743.57

Authors

Nanao, M.H.,Ravelli, R.B. (deposition date: 2005-03-18, release date: 2005-09-07, Last modification date: 2024-10-23)

Primary citation

Nanao, M.H.,Sheldrick, G.M.,Ravelli, R.B.G.
Improving Radiation-Damage Substructures for Rip.
Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.D, 61:1227-, 2005

PubMed Abstract: Specific radiation damage can be used to solve macromolecular structures using the radiation-damage-induced phasing (RIP) method. The method has been investigated for six disulfide-containing test structures (elastase, insulin, lysozyme, ribonuclease A, trypsin and thaumatin) using data sets that were collected on a third-generation synchrotron undulator beamline with a highly attenuated beam. Each crystal was exposed to the unattenuated X-ray beam between the collection of a 'before' and an 'after' data set. The X-ray 'burn'-induced intensity differences ranged from 5 to 15%, depending on the protein investigated. X-ray-susceptible substructures were determined using the integrated direct and Patterson methods in SHELXD. The best substructures were found by downscaling the 'after' data set in SHELXC by a scale factor K, with optimal values ranging from 0.96 to 0.99. The initial substructures were improved through iteration with SHELXE by the addition of negatively occupied sites as well as a large number of relatively weak sites. The final substructures ranged from 40 to more than 300 sites, with strongest peaks as high as 57sigma. All structures except one could be solved: it was not possible to find the initial substructure for ribonuclease A, however, SHELXE iteration starting with the known five most susceptible sites gave excellent maps. Downscaling proved to be necessary for the solution of elastase, lysozyme and thaumatin and reduced the number of SHELXE iterations in the other cases. The combination of downscaling and substructure iteration provides important benefits for the phasing of macromolecular structures using radiation damage.

PubMed: 16131756
DOI: 10.1107/S0907444905019360

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.4 Å)