2AZC

HIV-1 Protease NL4-3 6X mutant

Summary for 2AZC

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb2azc/pdb
• Related: 2AZ8 2AZ9 2AZB
• Related PRD ID: PRD_000434
• Descriptor: PROTEASE RETROPEPSIN, benzyl [(1S,4S,7S,8R,9R,10S,13S,16S)-7,10-dibenzyl-8,9-dihydroxy-1,16-dimethyl-4,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-2,5,12,15,18-pentaoxo-20-phenyl-19-oxa-3,6,11,14,17-pentaazaicos-1-yl]carbamate (3 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: hiv, protease, inhibitor, tl-3, 6x, hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex, hydrolase/hydrolase inhibitor
• Biological source: Human immunodeficiency virus 1
• Cellular location: Gag-Pol polyprotein: Host cell membrane ; Lipid-anchor. Matrix protein p17: Virion membrane; Lipid- anchor . Capsid protein p24: Virion . Nucleocapsid protein p7: Virion . Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H: Virion . Integrase: Virion : P03367
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 23317.57

Authors

Heaslet, H.,Kutilek, V.,Morris, G.M.,Lin, Y.-C.,Elder, J.H.,Torbett, B.E.,Stout, C.D. (deposition date: 2005-09-10, release date: 2006-02-28, Last modification date: 2023-08-23)

Primary citation

Heaslet, H.,Kutilek, V.,Morris, G.M.,Lin, Y.-C.,Elder, J.H.,Torbett, B.E.,Stout, C.D.
Structural Insights into the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Protease NL4-3
J.Mol.Biol., 356:967-981, 2006

PubMed Abstract: The development of resistance to anti-retroviral drugs targeted against HIV is an increasing clinical problem in the treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals. Many patients develop drug-resistant strains of the virus after treatment with inhibitor cocktails (HAART therapy), which include multiple protease inhibitors. Therefore, it is imperative that we understand the mechanisms by which the viral proteins, in particular HIV-1 protease, develop resistance. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of HIV-1 protease NL4-3 in complex with the potent protease inhibitor TL-3 at 2.0 A resolution. We have also obtained the crystal structures of three mutant forms of NL4-3 protease containing one (V82A), three (V82A, M46I, F53L) and six (V82A, M46I, F53L, V77I, L24I, L63P) point mutations in complex with TL-3. The three protease mutants arose sequentially under ex vivo selective pressure in the presence of TL-3, and exhibit fourfold, 11-fold, and 30-fold resistance to TL-3, respectively. This series of protease crystal structures offers insights into the biochemical and structural mechanisms by which the enzyme can overcome inhibition by TL-3 while recovering some of its native catalytic activity.

PubMed: 16403521
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.094

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.01 Å)