9MMW

CRISPR-associated deaminase Cad1 in cA4 bound in hexamer form refined against the consensus map

Summary for 9MMW

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb9mmw/pdb
• EMDB information: 48405
• Descriptor: CRISPR-associated ring nuclease and adenosine deaminase, subunit A, RNA (5'-R(*AP*(A23))-3'), ZINC ION (3 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: crispr-associated carf ring nuclease, cad1, crispr-associated adenosine deaminase, s-adenosylmethionine, signaling protein, antiviral protein, antiviral protein-rna complex, antiviral protein/rna
• Biological source: Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum; More
• Total number of polymer chains: 12
• Total formula weight: 421439.77

Authors

Li, H.,Zhao, Y.,Whyms, C. (deposition date: 2024-12-20, release date: 2025-11-12, Last modification date: 2025-12-17)

Primary citation

Whyms, C.,Zhao, Y.,Addo-Yobo, D.,He, H.,Whittington, A.C.,Trasanidou, D.,Salazar, C.R.P.,Staals, R.H.J.,Li, H.
The twist-and-squeeze activation of CARF-fused adenosine deaminase by cyclic oligoadenylates.
Embo J., 44:6919-6943, 2025

PubMed Abstract: The recently identified CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossman-fold) family of proteins play a critical role in prokaryotic defense, mediating cOA (cyclic oligoadenylate)-stimulated ancillary immune responses in the type III CRISPR-Cas systems. Whereas most previously characterized CARF proteins contain nucleic acids or protein degradation effectors, a subset of the family, including the CARF-fused adenosine deaminase (ADA) (Cad1), has recently been shown to convert ATP to ITP. The enzymatic mechanism and the activation process of Cad1, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we present biochemical and structural analyses of a ring nuclease Cad1, revealing its substrate binding specificity and a sequential activation process by cOAs. Despite an overall structural similarity to canonical ADA enzymes, the ADA domain of Cad1 possesses unique structural features that confer a specificity for ATP. Supported by mutational analysis, our structural work demonstrates an allosteric link between the cOA-binding CARF and the ADA domain through a protein network within the hexameric enzyme assembly. Binding of a cA4 molecule to paired CARF domains induces a twisting of the linked ADA domains around one another, which remodels their active sites and alters interactions with neighboring ADA domains, thereby driving a sequential conformational activation mechanism.

PubMed: 41107544
DOI: 10.1038/s44318-025-00578-y

Experimental method

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (2.36 Å)