7P7E

Complex I from E. coli, DDM/LMNG-purified, Apo, Resting state

Summary for 7P7E

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb7p7e/pdb
• EMDB information: 13214 13215 13216 13217 13222 13235 13236 13237 13238 13239 13240
• Descriptor: NADH-quinone oxidoreductase subunit F, NADH dehydrogenase I subunit M, NADH-quinone oxidoreductase subunit N, ... (20 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: complex i, nadh, quinone, proton transport
• Biological source: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3); More
• Total number of polymer chains: 13
• Total formula weight: 545523.68

Authors

Kravchuk, V.,Kampjut, D.,Sazanov, L. (deposition date: 2021-07-19, release date: 2022-09-21, Last modification date: 2024-07-17)

Primary citation

Kravchuk, V.,Petrova, O.,Kampjut, D.,Wojciechowska-Bason, A.,Breese, Z.,Sazanov, L.
A universal coupling mechanism of respiratory complex I.
Nature, 609:808-814, 2022

PubMed Abstract: Complex I is the first enzyme in the respiratory chain, which is responsible for energy production in mitochondria and bacteria. Complex I couples the transfer of two electrons from NADH to quinone and the translocation of four protons across the membrane, but the coupling mechanism remains contentious. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of Escherichia coli complex I (EcCI) in different redox states, including catalytic turnover. EcCI exists mostly in the open state, in which the quinone cavity is exposed to the cytosol, allowing access for water molecules, which enable quinone movements. Unlike the mammalian paralogues, EcCI can convert to the closed state only during turnover, showing that closed and open states are genuine turnover intermediates. The open-to-closed transition results in the tightly engulfed quinone cavity being connected to the central axis of the membrane arm, a source of substrate protons. Consistently, the proportion of the closed state increases with increasing pH. We propose a detailed but straightforward and robust mechanism comprising a 'domino effect' series of proton transfers and electrostatic interactions: the forward wave ('dominoes stacking') primes the pump, and the reverse wave ('dominoes falling') results in the ejection of all pumped protons from the distal subunit NuoL. This mechanism explains why protons exit exclusively from the NuoL subunit and is supported by our mutagenesis data. We contend that this is a universal coupling mechanism of complex I and related enzymes.

PubMed: 36104567
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05199-7

Experimental method

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (2.7 Å)