6X4I

Crystal Structure of NSP15 Endoribonuclease from SARS CoV-2 in the Complex with 3'-uridinemonophosphate

Summary for 6X4I

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb6x4i/pdb
• Related: 6VWW 6W01 6WLC 6WXC 6X1B
• Descriptor: Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease, 3'-URIDINEMONOPHOSPHATE, 1,2-ETHANEDIOL, ... (5 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: sars corona virus 2, endoribonuclease, covid-19, structural genomics, center for structural genomics of infectious diseases, csgid, viral protein
• Biological source: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV)
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 85227.19

Authors

Chang, C.,Kim, Y.,Maltseva, N.,Jedrzejczak, R.,Endres, M.,Michalska, K.,Joachimiak, A.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (deposition date: 2020-05-22, release date: 2020-06-03, Last modification date: 2023-10-18)

Primary citation

Kim, Y.,Wower, J.,Maltseva, N.,Chang, C.,Jedrzejczak, R.,Wilamowski, M.,Kang, S.,Nicolaescu, V.,Randall, G.,Michalska, K.,Joachimiak, A.
Tipiracil binds to uridine site and inhibits Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV-2.
Commun Biol, 4:193-193, 2021

PubMed Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 is a uridine-specific endoribonuclease with C-terminal catalytic domain belonging to the EndoU family that is highly conserved in coronaviruses. As endoribonuclease activity seems to be responsible for the interference with the innate immune response, Nsp15 emerges as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Here we report the first structures with bound nucleotides and show how the enzyme specifically recognizes uridine moiety. In addition to a uridine site we present evidence for a second base binding site that can accommodate any base. The structure with a transition state analog, uridine vanadate, confirms interactions key to catalytic mechanisms. In the presence of manganese ions, the enzyme cleaves unpaired RNAs. This acquired knowledge was instrumental in identifying Tipiracil, an FDA approved drug that is used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, as a potential anti-COVID-19 drug. Using crystallography, biochemical, and whole-cell assays, we demonstrate that Tipiracil inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 by interacting with the uridine binding pocket in the enzyme's active site. Our findings provide new insights for the development of uracil scaffold-based drugs.

PubMed: 33564093
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01735-9

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.85 Å)