5UXZ

X-ray crystal structure of Halotag bound to the P9 benzothiadiazole fluorogenic ligand

Summary for 5UXZ

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb5uxz/pdb
• Related: 5UY1
• Descriptor: Haloalkane dehalogenase, N~2~-{[7-(dimethylamino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl]sulfonyl}-N-hexyl-N~2~-methylglycinamide, CHLORIDE ION, ... (5 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: haloalkane dehalogenase, fluorogenic, halo, tag, solvatochromatic, hydrolase
• Biological source: Rhodococcus rhodochrous
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 70789.67

Authors

Dunham, N.P.,Boal, A.K. (deposition date: 2017-02-23, release date: 2017-03-08, Last modification date: 2017-11-22)

Primary citation

Liu, Y.,Miao, K.,Dunham, N.P.,Liu, H.,Fares, M.,Boal, A.K.,Li, X.,Zhang, X.
The Cation-pi Interaction Enables a Halo-Tag Fluorogenic Probe for Fast No-Wash Live Cell Imaging and Gel-Free Protein Quantification.
Biochemistry, 56:1585-1595, 2017

PubMed Abstract: The design of fluorogenic probes for a Halo tag is highly desirable but challenging. Previous work achieved this goal by controlling the chemical switch of spirolactones upon the covalent conjugation between the Halo tag and probes or by incorporating a "channel dye" into the substrate binding tunnel of the Halo tag. In this work, we have developed a novel class of Halo-tag fluorogenic probes that are derived from solvatochromic fluorophores. The optimal probe, harboring a benzothiadiazole scaffold, exhibits a 1000-fold fluorescence enhancement upon reaction with the Halo tag. Structural, computational, and biochemical studies reveal that the benzene ring of a tryptophan residue engages in a cation-π interaction with the dimethylamino electron-donating group of the benzothiadiazole fluorophore in its excited state. We further demonstrate using noncanonical fluorinated tryptophan that the cation-π interaction directly contributes to the fluorogenicity of the benzothiadiazole fluorophore. Mechanistically, this interaction could contribute to the fluorogenicity by promoting the excited-state charge separation and inhibiting the twisting motion of the dimethylamino group, both leading to an enhanced fluorogenicity. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the probe in no-wash direct imaging of Halo-tagged proteins in live cells. In addition, the fluorogenic nature of the probe enables a gel-free quantification of fusion proteins expressed in mammalian cells, an application that was not possible with previously nonfluorogenic Halo-tag probes. The unique mechanism revealed by this work suggests that incorporation of an excited-state cation-π interaction could be a feasible strategy for enhancing the optical performance of fluorophores and fluorogenic sensors.

PubMed: 28221782
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00056

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.92 Å)