5I7L

Crystal Structure of SPLUNC1 Disulfide Mutant M2 (A48C, V253C)

Summary for 5I7L

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb5i7l/pdb
• Related: 5I7J 5I7K
• Descriptor: BPI fold-containing family A member 1 (2 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: surfactant, antimicrobial, airway, antimicrobial protein
• Biological source: Homo sapiens (Human)
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 49990.80

Authors

Walton, W.G.,Redinbo, M.R. (deposition date: 2016-02-17, release date: 2016-05-18, Last modification date: 2024-11-06)

Primary citation

Walton, W.G.,Ahmad, S.,Little, M.S.,Kim, C.S.,Tyrrell, J.,Lin, Q.,Di, Y.P.,Tarran, R.,Redinbo, M.R.
Structural Features Essential to the Antimicrobial Functions of Human SPLUNC1.
Biochemistry, 55:2979-2991, 2016

PubMed Abstract: SPLUNC1 is an abundantly secreted innate immune protein in the mammalian respiratory tract that exerts bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects, binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and acts as a fluid-spreading surfactant. Here, we unravel the structural elements essential for the surfactant and antimicrobial functions of human SPLUNC1 (short palate lung nasal epithelial clone 1). A unique α-helix (α4) that extends from the body of SPLUNC1 is required for the bacteriostatic, surfactant, and LPS binding activities of this protein. Indeed, we find that mutation of just four leucine residues within this helical motif to alanine is sufficient to significantly inhibit the fluid spreading abilities of SPLUNC1, as well as its bacteriostatic actions against Gram-negative pathogens Burkholderia cenocepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conformational flexibility in the body of SPLUNC1 is also involved in the bacteriostatic, surfactant, and LPS binding functions of the protein as revealed by disulfide mutants introduced into SPLUNC1. In addition, SPLUNC1 exerts antibiofilm effects against Gram-negative bacteria, although α4 is not involved in this activity. Interestingly, though, the introduction of surface electrostatic mutations away from α4 based on the unique dolphin SPLUNC1 sequence, and confirmed by crystal structure, is shown to impart antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, the first SPLUNC1-dependent effect against a Gram-positive bacterium reported to date. Together, these data pinpoint SPLUNC1 structural motifs required for the antimicrobial and surfactant actions of this protective human protein.

PubMed: 27145151
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00271

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.598 Å)