5G5J

Crystal structure of human CYP3A4 bound to metformin

Summary for 5G5J

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb5g5j/pdb
• Descriptor: CYTOCHROME P450 3A4, Metformin, PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING FE, ... (4 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: oxidoreductase, monooxygenase
• Biological source: HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN)
• Cellular location: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein: P08684
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 56503.46

Authors

Sevrioukova, I. (deposition date: 2016-05-25, release date: 2017-06-07, Last modification date: 2024-01-10)

Primary citation

Guo, Z.,Sevrioukova, I.F.,Denisov, I.G.,Zhang, X.,Chiu, T.L.,Thomas, D.G.,Hanse, E.A.,Cuellar, R.A.D.,Grinkova, Y.V.,Langenfeld, V.W.,Swedien, D.S.,Stamschror, J.D.,Alvarez, J.,Luna, F.,Galvan, A.,Bae, Y.K.,Wulfkuhle, J.D.,Gallagher, R.I.,Petricoin, E.F.,Norris, B.,Flory, C.M.,Schumacher, R.J.,O'Sullivan, M.G.,Cao, Q.,Chu, H.,Lipscomb, J.D.,Atkins, W.M.,Gupta, K.,Kelekar, A.,Blair, I.A.,Capdevila, J.H.,Falck, J.R.,Sligar, S.G.,Poulos, T.L.,Georg, G.I.,Ambrose, E.,Potter, D.A.
Heme Binding Biguanides Target Cytochrome P450-Dependent Cancer Cell Mitochondria.
Cell Chem Biol, 24:1259-1275.e6, 2017

PubMed Abstract: The mechanisms by which cancer cell-intrinsic CYP monooxygenases promote tumor progression are largely unknown. CYP3A4 was unexpectedly associated with breast cancer mitochondria and synthesized arachidonic acid (AA)-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which promoted the electron transport chain/respiration and inhibited AMPKα. CYP3A4 knockdown activated AMPKα, promoted autophagy, and prevented mammary tumor formation. The diabetes drug metformin inhibited CYP3A4-mediated EET biosynthesis and depleted cancer cell-intrinsic EETs. Metformin bound to the active-site heme of CYP3A4 in a co-crystal structure, establishing CYP3A4 as a biguanide target. Structure-based design led to discovery of N1-hexyl-N5-benzyl-biguanide (HBB), which bound to the CYP3A4 heme with higher affinity than metformin. HBB potently and specifically inhibited CYP3A4 AA epoxygenase activity. HBB also inhibited growth of established ER mammary tumors and suppressed intratumoral mTOR. CYP3A4 AA epoxygenase inhibition by biguanides thus demonstrates convergence between eicosanoid activity in mitochondria and biguanide action in cancer, opening a new avenue for cancer drug discovery.

PubMed: 28919040
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.009

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.6 Å)