3PP7

Crystal structure of Leishmania mexicana pyruvate kinase in complex with the drug suramin, an inhibitor of glycolysis.

Summary for 3PP7

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb3pp7/pdb
• Related: 3IS4
• Descriptor: Pyruvate kinase, pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonic acid, GLYCEROL, ... (6 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: tim barrel, glycolysis, adp/atp binding, cytosol, symmetric drug, transferase-transferase inhibitor complex, transferase/transferase inhibitor
• Biological source: Leishmania mexicana
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 110833.84

Authors

Morgan, H.P.,Auld, D.S.,McNae, I.W.,Nowicki, M.W.,Michels, P.A.M.,Fothergill-Gilmore, L.A.,Walkinshaw, M.D. (deposition date: 2010-11-24, release date: 2010-12-15, Last modification date: 2023-09-06)

Primary citation

Morgan, H.P.,McNae, I.W.,Nowicki, M.W.,Zhong, W.,Michels, P.A.,Auld, D.S.,Fothergill-Gilmore, L.A.,Walkinshaw, M.D.
The trypanocidal drug suramin and other trypan blue mimetics are inhibitors of pyruvate kinases and bind to the adenosine site.
J.Biol.Chem., 286:31232-31240, 2011

PubMed Abstract: Ehrlich's pioneering chemotherapeutic experiments published in 1904 (Ehrlich, P., and Shiga, K. (1904) Berlin Klin. Wochenschrift 20, 329-362) described the efficacy of a series of dye molecules including trypan blue and trypan red to eliminate trypanosome infections in mice. The molecular structures of the dyes provided a starting point for the synthesis of suramin, which was developed and used as a trypanocidal drug in 1916 and is still in clinical use. Despite the biological importance of these dye-like molecules, the mode of action on trypanosomes has remained elusive. Here we present crystal structures of suramin and three related dyes in complex with pyruvate kinases from Leishmania mexicana or from Trypanosoma cruzi. The phenyl sulfonate groups of all four molecules (suramin, Ponceau S, acid blue 80, and benzothiazole-2,5-disulfonic acid) bind in the position of ADP/ATP at the active sites of the pyruvate kinases (PYKs). The binding positions in the two different trypanosomatid PYKs are nearly identical. We show that suramin competitively inhibits PYKs from humans (muscle, tumor, and liver isoenzymes, K(i) = 1.1-17 μM), T. cruzi (K(i) = 108 μM), and L. mexicana (K(i) = 116 μM), all of which have similar active sites. Synergistic effects were observed when examining suramin inhibition in the presence of an allosteric effector molecule, whereby IC(50) values decreased up to 2-fold for both trypanosomatid and human PYKs. These kinetic and structural analyses provide insight into the promiscuous inhibition observed for suramin and into the mode of action of the dye-like molecules used in Ehrlich's original experiments.

PubMed: 21733839
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M110.212613

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.35 Å)