1HWR

MOLECULAR RECOGNITION OF CYCLIC UREA HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS

Summary for 1HWR

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb1hwr/pdb
• Descriptor: HIV-1 PROTEASE, [4-R-(4-ALPHA,6-BETA,7-BETA]-HEXAHYDRO-5,6-DI(HYDROXY)-1,3-DI(ALLYL)-4,7-BISPHENYLMETHYL)-2H-1,3-DIAZEPINONE (2 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: aspartyl protease, hydrolase, acid proteinase
• Biological source: Human immunodeficiency virus 1
• Cellular location: Gag-Pol polyprotein: Host cell membrane; Lipid-anchor . Matrix protein p17: Virion membrane; Lipid- anchor . Capsid protein p24: Virion . Nucleocapsid protein p7: Virion . Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H: Virion . Integrase: Virion : P04585
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 21921.85

Authors

Chang, C.-H. (deposition date: 1998-03-20, release date: 1999-03-23, Last modification date: 2024-05-22)

Primary citation

Ala, P.J.,DeLoskey, R.J.,Huston, E.E.,Jadhav, P.K.,Lam, P.Y.,Eyermann, C.J.,Hodge, C.N.,Schadt, M.C.,Lewandowski, F.A.,Weber, P.C.,McCabe, D.D.,Duke, J.L.,Chang, C.H.
Molecular recognition of cyclic urea HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
J.Biol.Chem., 273:12325-12331, 1998

PubMed Abstract: As long as the threat of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease drug resistance still exists, there will be a need for more potent antiretroviral agents. We have therefore determined the crystal structures of HIV-1 protease in complex with six cyclic urea inhibitors: XK216, XK263, DMP323, DMP450, XV638, and SD146, in an attempt to identify 1) the key interactions responsible for their high potency and 2) new interactions that might improve their therapeutic benefit. The structures reveal that the preorganized, C2 symmetric scaffolds of the inhibitors are anchored in the active site of the protease by six hydrogen bonds and that their P1 and P2 substituents participate in extensive van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. Because all of our inhibitors possess benzyl groups at P1 and P1', their relative binding affinities are modulated by the extent of their P2 interactions, e.g. XK216, the least potent inhibitor (Ki (inhibition constant) = 4.70 nM), possesses the smallest P2 and the lowest number of P2-S2 interactions; whereas SD146, the most potent inhibitor (Ki = 0.02 nM), contains a benzimidazolylbenzamide at P2 and participates in fourteen hydrogen bonds and approximately 200 van der Waals interactions. This analysis identifies the strongest interactions between the protease and the inhibitors, suggests ways to improve potency by building into the S2 subsite, and reveals how conformational changes and unique features of the viral protease increase the binding affinity of HIV protease inhibitors.

PubMed: 9575185
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.20.12325

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.8 Å)