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1BH0

STRUCTURE OF A GLUCAGON ANALOG

Summary for 1BH0
Entry DOI10.2210/pdb1bh0/pdb
DescriptorGLUCAGON (1 entity in total)
Functional Keywordssynthetic hormone
Total number of polymer chains1
Total formula weight3444.78
Authors
Sturm, N.S.,Lin, Y.,Burley, S.K.,Krstenansky, J.L.,Ahn, J.-M.,Azizeh, B.Y.,Trivedi, D.,Hruby, V.J. (deposition date: 1998-06-11, release date: 1998-11-04, Last modification date: 2024-02-07)
Primary citationSturm, N.S.,Lin, Y.,Burley, S.K.,Krstenansky, J.L.,Ahn, J.M.,Azizeh, B.Y.,Trivedi, D.,Hruby, V.J.
Structure-function studies on positions 17, 18, and 21 replacement analogues of glucagon: the importance of charged residues and salt bridges in glucagon biological activity.
J.Med.Chem., 41:2693-2700, 1998
Cited by
PubMed Abstract: We have designed and synthesized eight compounds 2-9 which incorporate various amino acid residues in positions 17, 18, and 21 of the glucagon molecule: 2, [Lys17]glucagon amide; 3, [Lys18]glucagon amide; 4, [Nle17,Lys18,Glu21]glucagon amide; 5, [Orn17,18, Glu21]glucagon amide; 6, [d-Arg17]glucagon; 7, [d-Arg18]glucagon; 8, [d-Phe17]glucagon; and 9, [d-Phe18]glucagon. Compared to glucagon (IC50 = 1.5 nM), analogues 2-9 were found to have binding affinity IC50 values (in nM) of 0.7, 4.1, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 25.0, 43.0, and 32.0, respectively. When these compounds were tested for their ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, they were found to be full or partial agonists having maximum stimulation values of 100, 100, 100, 100, 87, 78, 94, and 100%, respectively. On the basis of the X-ray crystal structure of [Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon amide reported here, the ability to form a salt bridge between Lys18 and Glu21 is probably key to their increased binding and second messenger activities. Among the eight analogues synthesized here, only analogue 4 preserves the ability to form a salt bridge between Lys18 and Glu21. However, since these modifications are minor they do not seem to change the amphiphilic character of the C-terminus, allowing these analogues to reach 78-100% stimulation in the adenylate cyclase assay. Biological data from analogues 6-9 supports the idea that position 18 of glucagon may influence binding only, while position 17 may influence both receptor recognition and transduction.
PubMed: 9667960
DOI: 10.1021/jm980084a
PDB entries with the same primary citation
Experimental method
X-RAY DIFFRACTION (3 Å)
Structure validation

231029

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