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Yorodumi- PDB-9e8n: Nub1/Fat10-processing human 26S proteasome bound to Txnl1 with Rp... -
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Basic information
| Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 9e8n | |||||||||
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| Title | Nub1/Fat10-processing human 26S proteasome bound to Txnl1 with Rpt3 at top of spiral staircase (locally refined on the AAA+ motor) | |||||||||
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Keywords | MOTOR PROTEIN / HYDROLASE/PROTEIN BINDING / 26S Proteasome / HYDROLASE-PROTEIN BINDING complex | |||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationthyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding / nuclear proteasome complex / host-mediated perturbation of viral transcription / positive regulation of inclusion body assembly / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Omega peptidases / proteasome accessory complex / purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding / cytosolic proteasome complex / positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process / proteasome-activating activity ...thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding / nuclear proteasome complex / host-mediated perturbation of viral transcription / positive regulation of inclusion body assembly / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Omega peptidases / proteasome accessory complex / purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding / cytosolic proteasome complex / positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process / proteasome-activating activity / proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex / proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex / metal-dependent deubiquitinase activity / protein K63-linked deubiquitination / negative regulation of programmed cell death / Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) / Proteasome assembly / Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes) / proteasome core complex / Somitogenesis / K63-linked deubiquitinase activity / proteasome binding / transcription factor binding / myofibril / general transcription initiation factor binding / blastocyst development / positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly / protein deubiquitination / immune system process / NF-kappaB binding / endopeptidase activator activity / proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex / SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways / regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process / ERAD pathway / inclusion body / proteasome complex / TBP-class protein binding / proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process / sarcomere / Regulation of activated PAK-2p34 by proteasome mediated degradation / Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C / APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin / N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle / Asymmetric localization of PCP proteins / Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D / SCF-beta-TrCP mediated degradation of Emi1 / NIK-->noncanonical NF-kB signaling / TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway / AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds and destabilizes mRNA / Vpu mediated degradation of CD4 / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of Phosphorylated Cdc25A / Degradation of DVL / Dectin-1 mediated noncanonical NF-kB signaling / Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A / negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / Degradation of AXIN / P-body / Hh mutants are degraded by ERAD / lipopolysaccharide binding / Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells / Degradation of GLI1 by the proteasome / G2/M Checkpoints / Hedgehog ligand biogenesis / GSK3B and BTRC:CUL1-mediated-degradation of NFE2L2 / Defective CFTR causes cystic fibrosis / Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 / Negative regulation of NOTCH4 signaling / Regulation of RUNX3 expression and activity / Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G / Hedgehog 'on' state / FBXL7 down-regulates AURKA during mitotic entry and in early mitosis / Degradation of GLI2 by the proteasome / GLI3 is processed to GLI3R by the proteasome / APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1 / MAPK6/MAPK4 signaling / double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex / Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha / ABC-family proteins mediated transport / double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining / CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6 / CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling / SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21 / response to virus / FCERI mediated NF-kB activation / Regulation of expression of SLITs and ROBOs / Metalloprotease DUBs / Regulation of PTEN stability and activity / nuclear matrix / Interleukin-1 signaling / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / Orc1 removal from chromatin / metallopeptidase activity / Regulation of RAS by GAPs / Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activity / osteoblast differentiation / The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint / Separation of Sister Chromatids Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
| Biological species | Homo sapiens (human) | |||||||||
| Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.62 Å | |||||||||
Authors | Arkinson, C. / Gee, C.L. / Martin, A. | |||||||||
| Funding support | United States, 1items
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Citation | Journal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2025Title: Structural landscape of the degrading 26S proteasome reveals conformation-specific binding of TXNL1. Authors: Connor Arkinson / Christine L Gee / Zeyuan Zhang / Ken C Dong / Andreas Martin / ![]() Abstract: The 26S proteasome targets many cellular proteins for degradation during homeostasis and quality control. Proteasome-interacting cofactors modulate these functions and aid in substrate degradation. ...The 26S proteasome targets many cellular proteins for degradation during homeostasis and quality control. Proteasome-interacting cofactors modulate these functions and aid in substrate degradation. Here we solve high-resolution structures of the redox active cofactor TXNL1 bound to the human 26S proteasome at saturating and substoichiometric concentrations by time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). We identify distinct binding modes of TXNL1 that depend on the proteasome conformation and ATPase motor states. Together with biophysical and biochemical experiments, we show that the resting-state proteasome binds TXNL1 with low affinity and in variable positions on top of the Rpn11 deubiquitinase. In contrast, in the actively degrading proteasome, TXNL1 uses additional interactions for high-affinity binding, whereby its C-terminal tail covers the catalytic groove of Rpn11 and coordinates the active-site Zn. Furthermore, these cryo-EM structures of the degrading proteasome capture the ATPase hexamer in several spiral-staircase arrangements that indicate temporally asymmetric hydrolysis and conformational changes in bursts during mechanical substrate unfolding and translocation. Remarkably, we catch the proteasome in the act of unfolding the β-barrel mEos3.2 substrate while the ATPase hexamer is in a particular staircase register. Our findings advance current models for protein translocation through hexameric AAA+ motors and reveal how the proteasome uses its distinct conformational states to coordinate cofactor binding and substrate processing. #1: Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2024 Title: Structural landscape of AAA+ ATPase motor states in the substrate-degrading human 26S proteasome reveals conformation-specific binding of TXNL1. Authors: Connor Arkinson / Christine L Gee / Zeyuan Zhang / Ken C Dong / Andreas Martin / ![]() Abstract: The 26S proteasome targets many cellular proteins for degradation during general homeostasis, protein quality control, and the regulation of vital processes. A broad range of proteasome-interacting ...The 26S proteasome targets many cellular proteins for degradation during general homeostasis, protein quality control, and the regulation of vital processes. A broad range of proteasome-interacting cofactors thereby modulates these functions and aids in substrate degradation. Here, we solved several high-resolution structures of the redox active cofactor TXNL1 bound to the human 26S proteasome at saturating and sub-stoichiometric concentrations by time resolved cryo-EM. We identified distinct binding modes of TXNL1 that depend on the proteasome conformational and ATPase motor states. Together with biophysical and biochemical experiments, our structural studies reveal that the resting-state proteasome prior to substrate engagement with the ATPase motor binds TXNL1 with low affinity and in variable positions on top of the Rpn11 deubiquitinase. In contrast, the actively degrading proteasome shows additional interactions leading to high-affinity TXNL1 binding, whereby TXNL1's C-terminal tail covers the catalytic groove of the Rpn11 deubiquitinase and coordinates the active-site Zn. Furthermore, these cryo-EM structures of the degrading proteasome capture the ATPase hexamer in all registers of spiral-staircase arrangements and thus visualize the complete ATP-hydrolysis cycle of the AAA+ motor, indicating temporally asymmetric hydrolysis and conformational changes in bursts during mechanical substrate unfolding and translocation. Remarkably, we catch the proteasome in the act of unfolding the beta-barrel mEos3.2 substrate while the ATPase hexamer is in a particular spiral staircase register. Our findings challenge current models for protein translocation through hexameric AAA+ motors and reveal how the proteasome uses its distinct but broad range of conformational states to coordinate cofactor binding and substrate processing. | |||||||||
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Structure visualization
| Structure viewer | Molecule: Molmil Jmol/JSmol |
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Downloads & links
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Download
| PDBx/mmCIF format | 9e8n.cif.gz | 745.3 KB | Display | PDBx/mmCIF format |
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| PDB format | pdb9e8n.ent.gz | 596.5 KB | Display | PDB format |
| PDBx/mmJSON format | 9e8n.json.gz | Tree view | PDBx/mmJSON format | |
| Others | Other downloads |
-Validation report
| Summary document | 9e8n_validation.pdf.gz | 2.2 MB | Display | wwPDB validaton report |
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| Full document | 9e8n_full_validation.pdf.gz | 2.4 MB | Display | |
| Data in XML | 9e8n_validation.xml.gz | 134.4 KB | Display | |
| Data in CIF | 9e8n_validation.cif.gz | 203.6 KB | Display | |
| Arichive directory | https://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/e8/9e8n ftp://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/e8/9e8n | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 47725MC ![]() 9e8gC ![]() 9e8hC ![]() 9e8iC ![]() 9e8jC ![]() 9e8kC ![]() 9e8lC ![]() 9e8oC ![]() 9e8qC ![]() 9pdiC ![]() 9pdlC ![]() 9pdnC ![]() 9pf1C M: map data used to model this data C: citing same article ( |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
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Assembly
| Deposited unit | ![]()
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Components
-26S proteasome regulatory subunit ... , 4 types, 4 molecules ADBF
| #1: Protein | Mass: 48642.703 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: P35998 |
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| #11: Protein | Mass: 47426.141 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: P43686 |
| #12: Protein | Mass: 49260.504 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: P62191 |
| #13: Protein | Mass: 49266.457 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: P17980 |
-26S protease regulatory subunit ... , 2 types, 2 molecules CE
| #2: Protein | Mass: 45694.047 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: P62195 |
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| #3: Protein | Mass: 44241.008 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: P62333 |
-Proteasome subunit alpha type- ... , 7 types, 7 molecules HJKLMNP
| #4: Protein | Mass: 27432.459 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293References: UniProt: P60900, proteasome endopeptidase complex |
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| #5: Protein | Mass: 25924.406 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293References: UniProt: P25787, proteasome endopeptidase complex |
| #6: Protein | Mass: 29525.842 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293References: UniProt: P25789, proteasome endopeptidase complex |
| #7: Protein | Mass: 27929.891 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: O14818 |
| #8: Protein | Mass: 29595.627 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293References: UniProt: P25786, proteasome endopeptidase complex |
| #9: Protein | Mass: 28469.252 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293References: UniProt: P25788, proteasome endopeptidase complex |
| #14: Protein | Mass: 26435.977 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 / References: UniProt: P28066 |
-Protein/peptide / Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules vc
| #10: Protein/peptide | Mass: 1209.482 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293 |
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| #15: Protein | Mass: 46940.898 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: HEK293-httb / Gene: PSMD14 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O00487 |
-Non-polymers , 4 types, 9 molecules 






| #16: Chemical | ChemComp-ADP / #17: Chemical | #18: Chemical | #19: Chemical | ChemComp-ZN / | |
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-Details
| Has ligand of interest | Y |
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| Has protein modification | Y |
-Experimental details
-Experiment
| Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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| EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
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Sample preparation
| Component | Name: Human 26S proteasome complexed with Nub1 and Fat 10 RPT3 at the top Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#15 / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES |
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| Molecular weight | Value: 2.6 MDa / Experimental value: NO |
| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Strain: HEK293 |
| Buffer solution | pH: 7.4 Details: 30 mM HEPES pH7.4, 25 mM NaCl, 25 mM KCl, 3% (v/v) glycerol, 5 mM MgCl2 2 mM ATP and 0.5 mM TCEP |
| Specimen | Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES |
| Specimen support | Details: 25 mA / Grid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 200 divisions/in. / Grid type: UltrAuFoil R2/2 |
| Vitrification | Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 298 K |
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Electron microscopy imaging
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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| Microscopy | Model: TFS KRIOS |
| Electron gun | Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM |
| Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1700 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm / Alignment procedure: BASIC |
| Specimen holder | Cryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER |
| Image recording | Electron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) |
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Processing
| EM software | Name: PHENIX / Version: 1.21.1_5286: / Category: model refinement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3D reconstruction | Resolution: 3.62 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 15623 / Symmetry type: POINT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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About Yorodumi



Homo sapiens (human)
United States, 1items
Citation


























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FIELD EMISSION GUN