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- EMDB-3742: Pronase-treated paired helical filament in Alzheimer's disease brain -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-3742
TitlePronase-treated paired helical filament in Alzheimer's disease brain
Map data
Sample
  • Tissue: Tau from brain
    • Protein or peptide: Microtubule-associated protein tau
KeywordsTAU / AMYLOID / CROSS-BETA / BETA-HELIX / PROTEIN FIBRIL
Function / homology
Function and homology information


plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / histone-dependent DNA binding / negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / microtubule lateral binding / axonal transport / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / main axon / phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding / regulation of long-term synaptic depression ...plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / histone-dependent DNA binding / negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / microtubule lateral binding / axonal transport / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / main axon / phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding / regulation of long-term synaptic depression / tubulin complex / negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation / generation of neurons / regulation of chromosome organization / rRNA metabolic process / axonal transport of mitochondrion / regulation of mitochondrial fission / axon development / central nervous system neuron development / intracellular distribution of mitochondria / regulation of microtubule polymerization / microtubule polymerization / lipoprotein particle binding / minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding / dynactin binding / negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / apolipoprotein binding / glial cell projection / axolemma / protein polymerization / negative regulation of mitochondrial fission / Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins / regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization / positive regulation of axon extension / neurofibrillary tangle assembly / Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs / synapse assembly / regulation of cellular response to heat / supramolecular fiber organization / positive regulation of protein localization / regulation of calcium-mediated signaling / somatodendritic compartment / cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus / cytoplasmic microtubule organization / axon cytoplasm / positive regulation of microtubule polymerization / stress granule assembly / phosphatidylinositol binding / regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization / nuclear periphery / protein phosphatase 2A binding / positive regulation of superoxide anion generation / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / astrocyte activation / Hsp90 protein binding / microglial cell activation / cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus / response to lead ion / synapse organization / PKR-mediated signaling / protein homooligomerization / regulation of synaptic plasticity / SH3 domain binding / memory / microtubule cytoskeleton organization / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / neuron projection development / cell-cell signaling / single-stranded DNA binding / protein-folding chaperone binding / actin binding / cellular response to heat / microtubule cytoskeleton / cell body / growth cone / double-stranded DNA binding / microtubule binding / protein-macromolecule adaptor activity / dendritic spine / sequence-specific DNA binding / microtubule / amyloid fibril formation / learning or memory / neuron projection / regulation of autophagy / membrane raft / axon / negative regulation of gene expression / neuronal cell body / dendrite / DNA damage response / protein kinase binding / enzyme binding / mitochondrion / DNA binding / RNA binding / extracellular region / identical protein binding / nucleus / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Microtubule-associated protein Tau / Microtubule associated protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Tau and MAP protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat signature. / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat profile. / :
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Microtubule-associated protein tau
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodhelical reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.5 Å
AuthorsFitzpatrick AWP / Falcon B / He S
Funding support United Kingdom, 6 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_UP_A025_1013 United Kingdom
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_U105184291 United Kingdom
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_UP_A025_1012 United Kingdom
European UnionMarie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship United Kingdom
European UnionHorizon 2020 IMPRiND United Kingdom
National Institutes of HealthP30-AG010133 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2017
Title: Cryo-EM structures of tau filaments from Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: Anthony W P Fitzpatrick / Benjamin Falcon / Shaoda He / Alexey G Murzin / Garib Murshudov / Holly J Garringer / R Anthony Crowther / Bernardino Ghetti / Michel Goedert / Sjors H W Scheres /
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and there are no mechanism-based therapies. The disease is defined by the presence of abundant neurofibrillary lesions and neuritic ...Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and there are no mechanism-based therapies. The disease is defined by the presence of abundant neurofibrillary lesions and neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary lesions comprise paired helical and straight tau filaments, whereas tau filaments with different morphologies characterize other neurodegenerative diseases. No high-resolution structures of tau filaments are available. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps at 3.4-3.5 Å resolution and corresponding atomic models of paired helical and straight filaments from the brain of an individual with Alzheimer's disease. Filament cores are made of two identical protofilaments comprising residues 306-378 of tau protein, which adopt a combined cross-β/β-helix structure and define the seed for tau aggregation. Paired helical and straight filaments differ in their inter-protofilament packing, showing that they are ultrastructural polymorphs. These findings demonstrate that cryo-EM allows atomic characterization of amyloid filaments from patient-derived material, and pave the way for investigation of a range of neurodegenerative diseases.
History
DepositionMay 24, 2017-
Header (metadata) releaseJul 26, 2017-
Map releaseJul 26, 2017-
UpdateMay 15, 2024-
Current statusMay 15, 2024Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.03
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-5o3o
  • Surface level: 0.03
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Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_3742.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_3742.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 75.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.04 Å/pix.
x 270 pix.
= 280.8 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 270 pix.
= 280.8 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 270 pix.
= 280.8 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.04 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.03 / Movie #1: 0.03
Minimum - Maximum-0.075325735 - 0.15799993
Average (Standard dev.)0.00026030248 (-)
SymmetrySpace group: 0
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions270270270
Spacing270270270
CellA=B=C: 280.8 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.041.041.04
M x/y/z270270270
origin x/y/z0.0030.0030.003
length x/y/z280.800280.800280.800
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS270270270
D min/max/mean-0.0750.1580.000

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_3742_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_3742_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Tau from brain

EntireName: Tau from brain
Components
  • Tissue: Tau from brain
    • Protein or peptide: Microtubule-associated protein tau

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Supramolecule #1: Tau from brain

SupramoleculeName: Tau from brain / type: tissue / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Microtubule-associated protein tau

MacromoleculeName: Microtubule-associated protein tau / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 10 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.940141 KDa
SequenceString:
VQIVYKPVDL SKVTSKCGSL GNIHHKPGGG QVEVKSEKLD FKDRVQSKIG SLDNITHVPG GGNKKIETHK LTF

UniProtKB: Microtubule-associated protein tau

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processinghelical reconstruction
Aggregation statetissue

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Sample preparation

Concentration1.0 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7.4 / Details: 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 containing 100 mM NaCl
GridModel: Quantifoil Au R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 60 sec.
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
DetailsSarkosyl-insoluble material was extracted from grey matter of frontal and temporal cortex from the patients brain and treated with pronase, as described in the Methods section of the paper.

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Specialist opticsEnergy filter - Name: GIF Quantum / Energy filter - Lower energy threshold: -10 eV / Energy filter - Upper energy threshold: 10 eV
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 QUANTUM (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: SUPER-RESOLUTION / Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 3710 pixel / Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 3710 pixel / Digitization - Frames/image: 2-20 / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 523 / Average exposure time: 0.8 sec. / Average electron dose: 2.5 e/Å2
Details: images were collected in movie-mode at 1.2 frames per second
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsC2 aperture diameter: 70.0 µm / Calibrated defocus max: 3.0 µm / Calibrated defocus min: 0.9 µm / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 3.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.9 µm
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Final reconstructionNumber classes used: 1
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Δz: 2.36 Å
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Δ&Phi: 179.4 °
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Axial symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.5 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 20778
Segment selectionNumber selected: 66585 / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0)
Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL
In silico model: Initial models were reconstructed from 2D class averages of segments that were extracted in a box that was large enough to almost comprise an entire pitch length.
Final angle assignmentType: NOT APPLICABLE / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0)
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

Initial modelPDB ID:

2rnm


Chain - Chain ID: A / Chain - Residue range: 226-242 / Chain - Source name: PDB / Chain - Initial model type: experimental model
DetailsFourier-space refinement of the complete atomic model against the paired helical filament and straight filament maps was performed in REFMAC. A stack of three consecutive monomers from each of the protofilaments was refined to preserve nearest-neighbour interactions for the middle chain.
RefinementSpace: RECIPROCAL / Protocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Overall B value: 106 / Target criteria: Fourier shell correlation
Output model

PDB-5o3o:
Pronase-treated paired helical filament in Alzheimer's disease brain

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