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- EMDB-21924: Protofilament from a 13-protofilament, Taxol stabilized microtubule -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-21924
TitleProtofilament from a 13-protofilament, Taxol stabilized microtubule
Map data
Sample
  • Organelle or cellular component: Microtubules stabilized with Taxol in the presence of a low concentration of Kinesin Dimer and ADP
    • Protein or peptide: Tubulin alpha-1B chain
    • Protein or peptide: Tubulin beta chain
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: TAXOL
KeywordsMicrotubule / STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane / Cilium Assembly / Intraflagellar transport / Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin / Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III / Kinesins / Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion / Mitotic Prometaphase / EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation / COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic ...Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane / Cilium Assembly / Intraflagellar transport / Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin / Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III / Kinesins / Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion / Mitotic Prometaphase / EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation / COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic / COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic / COPI-mediated anterograde transport / RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs / RHO GTPases Activate Formins / MHC class II antigen presentation / HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand / Aggrephagy / The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint / Separation of Sister Chromatids / Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes / Hedgehog 'off' state / positive regulation of axon guidance / intercellular bridge / microtubule-based process / structural constituent of cytoskeleton / cerebral cortex development / mitotic spindle / microtubule cytoskeleton organization / microtubule cytoskeleton / mitotic cell cycle / nervous system development / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / microtubule / protein heterodimerization activity / GTPase activity / GTP binding / metal ion binding / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
Alpha tubulin / Tubulin-beta mRNA autoregulation signal. / Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site / Beta tubulin / Tubulin / Tubulin, C-terminal / Tubulin C-terminal domain / Tubulin, conserved site / Tubulin subunits alpha, beta, and gamma signature. / Tubulin/FtsZ family, C-terminal domain ...Alpha tubulin / Tubulin-beta mRNA autoregulation signal. / Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site / Beta tubulin / Tubulin / Tubulin, C-terminal / Tubulin C-terminal domain / Tubulin, conserved site / Tubulin subunits alpha, beta, and gamma signature. / Tubulin/FtsZ family, C-terminal domain / Tubulin/FtsZ-like, C-terminal domain / Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal / Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain / Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain / Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain / Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain / Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Tubulin beta chain / Tubulin alpha-1B chain / Tubulin beta-2B chain
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesBos taurus (cattle)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.9 Å
AuthorsDebs GE / Cha M
Funding support United States, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM 11053 United States
CitationJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2020
Title: Dynamic and asymmetric fluctuations in the microtubule wall captured by high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy.
Authors: Garrett E Debs / Michael Cha / Xueqi Liu / Andrew R Huehn / Charles V Sindelar /
Abstract: Microtubules are tubular polymers with essential roles in numerous cellular activities. Structures of microtubules have been captured at increasing resolution by cryo-EM. However, dynamic properties ...Microtubules are tubular polymers with essential roles in numerous cellular activities. Structures of microtubules have been captured at increasing resolution by cryo-EM. However, dynamic properties of the microtubule are key to its function, and this behavior has proved difficult to characterize at a structural level due to limitations in existing structure determination methods. We developed a high-resolution cryo-EM refinement method that divides an imaged microtubule into its constituent protofilaments, enabling deviations from helicity and other sources of heterogeneity to be quantified and corrected for at the single-subunit level. We demonstrate that this method improves the resolution of microtubule 3D reconstructions and substantially reduces anisotropic blurring artifacts, compared with methods that utilize helical symmetry averaging. Moreover, we identified an unexpected, discrete behavior of the m-loop, which mediates lateral interactions between neighboring protofilaments and acts as a flexible hinge between them. The hinge angle adopts preferred values corresponding to distinct conformations of the m-loop that are incompatible with helical symmetry. These hinge angles fluctuate in a stochastic manner, and perfectly cylindrical microtubule conformations are thus energetically and entropically penalized. The hinge angle can diverge further from helical symmetry at the microtubule seam, generating a subpopulation of highly distorted microtubules. However, the seam-distorted subpopulation disappears in the presence of Taxol, a microtubule stabilizing agent. These observations provide clues into the structural origins of microtubule flexibility and dynamics and highlight the role of structural polymorphism in defining microtubule behavior.
History
DepositionMay 6, 2020-
Header (metadata) releaseMay 20, 2020-
Map releaseMay 20, 2020-
UpdateMar 6, 2024-
Current statusMar 6, 2024Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.035
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view colored by height
  • Surface level: 0.035
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-6wvr
  • Surface level: 0.035
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Simplified surface model + fitted atomic model
  • Atomic modelsPDB-6wvr
  • Imaged by Jmol
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Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_21924.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_21924.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 15.6 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.33 Å/pix.
x 160 pix.
= 213.28 Å		1.33 Å/pix.
x 160 pix.
= 213.28 Å		1.33 Å/pix.
x 160 pix.
= 213.28 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.333 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.035 / Movie #1: 0.035
Minimum - Maximum-0.06662355 - 0.13673766
Average (Standard dev.)0.00031262127 (±0.006415108)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions160160160
Spacing160160160
CellA=B=C: 213.28 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.3331.3331.333
M x/y/z160160160
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z213.280213.280213.280
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS160160160
D min/max/mean-0.0670.1370.000

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_21924_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_21924_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Microtubules stabilized with Taxol in the presence of a low conce...

EntireName: Microtubules stabilized with Taxol in the presence of a low concentration of Kinesin Dimer and ADP
Components
  • Organelle or cellular component: Microtubules stabilized with Taxol in the presence of a low concentration of Kinesin Dimer and ADP
    • Protein or peptide: Tubulin alpha-1B chain
    • Protein or peptide: Tubulin beta chain
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: TAXOL

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Supramolecule #1: Microtubules stabilized with Taxol in the presence of a low conce...

SupramoleculeName: Microtubules stabilized with Taxol in the presence of a low concentration of Kinesin Dimer and ADP
type: organelle_or_cellular_component / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#2
Source (natural)Organism: Bos taurus (cattle)

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Macromolecule #1: Tubulin alpha-1B chain

MacromoleculeName: Tubulin alpha-1B chain / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Bos taurus (cattle)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 50.204445 KDa
SequenceString: MRECISIHVG QAGVQIGNAC WELYCLEHGI QPDGQMPSDK TIGGGDDSFN TFFSETGAGK HVPRAVFVDL EPTVIDEVRT GTYRQLFHP EQLITGKEDA ANNYARGHYT IGKEIIDLVL DRIRKLADQC TGLQGFLVFH SFGGGTGSGF TSLLMERLSV D YGKKSKLE ...String:
MRECISIHVG QAGVQIGNAC WELYCLEHGI QPDGQMPSDK TIGGGDDSFN TFFSETGAGK HVPRAVFVDL EPTVIDEVRT GTYRQLFHP EQLITGKEDA ANNYARGHYT IGKEIIDLVL DRIRKLADQC TGLQGFLVFH SFGGGTGSGF TSLLMERLSV D YGKKSKLE FSIYPAPQVS TAVVEPYNSI LTTHTTLEHS DCAFMVDNEA IYDICRRNLD IERPTYTNLN RLISQIVSSI TA SLRFDGA LNVDLTEFQT NLVPYPRIHF PLATYAPVIS AEKAYHEQLS VAEITNACFE PANQMVKCDP RHGKYMACCL LYR GDVVPK DVNAAIATIK TKRSIQFVDW CPTGFKVGIN YQPPTVVPGG DLAKVQRAVC MLSNTTAIAE AWARLDHKFD LMYA KRAFV HWYVGEGMEE GEFSEAREDM AALEKDYEEV GVDSVEGEGE EEGEEY

UniProtKB: Tubulin alpha-1B chain

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Macromolecule #2: Tubulin beta chain

MacromoleculeName: Tubulin beta chain / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Bos taurus (cattle)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 49.953797 KDa
SequenceString: MREIVHIQAG QCGNQIGAKF WEVISDEHGI DPTGSYHGDS DLQLERINVY YNEAAGNKYV PRAILVDLEP GTMDSVRSGP FGQIFRPDN FVFGQSGAGN NWAKGHYTEG AELVDSVLDV VRKESESCDC LQGFQLTHSL GGGTGSGMGT LLISKIREEY P DRIMNTFS ...String:
MREIVHIQAG QCGNQIGAKF WEVISDEHGI DPTGSYHGDS DLQLERINVY YNEAAGNKYV PRAILVDLEP GTMDSVRSGP FGQIFRPDN FVFGQSGAGN NWAKGHYTEG AELVDSVLDV VRKESESCDC LQGFQLTHSL GGGTGSGMGT LLISKIREEY P DRIMNTFS VMPSPKVSDT VVEPYNATLS VHQLVENTDE TYSIDNEALY DICFRTLKLT TPTYGDLNHL VSATMSGVTT CL RFPGQLN ADLRKLAVNM VPFPRLHFFM PGFAPLTSRG SQQYRALTVP ELTQQMFDSK NMMAACDPRH GRYLTVAAIF RGR MSMKEV DEQMLNVQNK NSSYFVEWIP NNVKTAVCDI PPRGLKMSAT FIGNSTAIQE LFKRISEQFT AMFRRKAFLH WYTG EGMDE MEFTEAESNM NDLVSEYQQY QDATADEQGE FEEEEGEDEA

UniProtKB: Tubulin beta chain

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Macromolecule #3: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: GTP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 523.18 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-GTP:
GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / GTP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

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Macromolecule #4: MAGNESIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: MAGNESIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: MG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 24.305 Da

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Macromolecule #5: GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: GDP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 443.201 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-GDP:
GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / GDP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

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Macromolecule #6: TAXOL

MacromoleculeName: TAXOL / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: TA1
Molecular weightTheoretical: 853.906 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-TA1:
TAXOL / medication, chemotherapy*YM

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation statefilament

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 6.8
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: SUPER-RESOLUTION / Digitization - Frames/image: 2-15 / Average electron dose: 66.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL
Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C1 (asymmetric) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 852332
Initial angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING / Software - Name: RELION
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

Initial model
PDB IDChain

3j8x

chain_id: A, source_name: PDB, initial_model_type: experimental model

3j8x

chain_id: B, source_name: PDB, initial_model_type: experimental model
Output model

PDB-6wvr:
Tubulin dimers from a 13-protofilament, Taxol stabilized microtubule

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