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- EMDB-3742: Pronase-treated paired helical filament in Alzheimer's disease brain -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-3742
TitlePronase-treated paired helical filament in Alzheimer's disease brain
Map data
Sample
  • Tissue: Tau from brain
    • Protein or peptide: Microtubule-associated protein tauTau protein
Function / homology
Function and homology information


plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / axonal transport / histone-dependent DNA binding / neurofibrillary tangle assembly / positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity / negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / microtubule lateral binding / tubulin complex ...plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / axonal transport / histone-dependent DNA binding / neurofibrillary tangle assembly / positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity / negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / microtubule lateral binding / tubulin complex / phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding / main axon / regulation of long-term synaptic depression / negative regulation of kinase activity / negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation / generation of neurons / regulation of chromosome organization / positive regulation of protein localization / rRNA metabolic process / internal protein amino acid acetylation / regulation of mitochondrial fission / lipoprotein particle binding / intracellular distribution of mitochondria / axonal transport of mitochondrion / axon development / central nervous system neuron development / regulation of microtubule polymerization / microtubule polymerization / minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding / negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / dynactin binding / glial cell projection / apolipoprotein binding / protein polymerization / negative regulation of mitochondrial fission / axolemma / Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins / regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization / positive regulation of axon extension / supramolecular fiber organization / Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs / cytoplasmic microtubule organization / regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization / stress granule assembly / regulation of cellular response to heat / regulation of calcium-mediated signaling / axon cytoplasm / positive regulation of microtubule polymerization / cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus / somatodendritic compartment / synapse assembly / phosphatidylinositol binding / nuclear periphery / cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus / positive regulation of superoxide anion generation / protein phosphatase 2A binding / regulation of autophagy / astrocyte activation / synapse organization / microglial cell activation / response to lead ion / Hsp90 protein binding / regulation of synaptic plasticity / PKR-mediated signaling / protein homooligomerization / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / memory / microtubule cytoskeleton organization / SH3 domain binding / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / neuron projection development / activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process / microtubule cytoskeleton / protein-macromolecule adaptor activity / single-stranded DNA binding / cell-cell signaling / cellular response to heat / cell body / actin binding / growth cone / protein-folding chaperone binding / double-stranded DNA binding / microtubule binding / microtubule / amyloid fibril formation / sequence-specific DNA binding / dendritic spine / learning or memory / neuron projection / nuclear speck / membrane raft / axon / negative regulation of gene expression / dendrite / neuronal cell body / DNA damage response / protein kinase binding / enzyme binding / mitochondrion / DNA binding
Similarity search - Function
: / Microtubule associated protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Microtubule-associated protein Tau / Tau and MAP protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat signature. / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Microtubule-associated protein tau
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Human (human)
Methodhelical reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.5 Å
AuthorsFitzpatrick AWP / Falcon B / He S / Murzin AG / Murshudov G / Garringer HG / Crowther RA / Ghetti B / Goedert M / Scheres SHW
Funding support United Kingdom, 6 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_UP_A025_1013 United Kingdom
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_UP_A025_1012 United Kingdom
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_U105184291 United Kingdom
European UnionHorizon 2020 IMPRiND United Kingdom
European UnionMarie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship United Kingdom
National Institutes of HealthP30-AG010133 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2017
Title: Cryo-EM structures of tau filaments from Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: Anthony W P Fitzpatrick / Benjamin Falcon / Shaoda He / Alexey G Murzin / Garib Murshudov / Holly J Garringer / R Anthony Crowther / Bernardino Ghetti / Michel Goedert / Sjors H W Scheres /
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and there are no mechanism-based therapies. The disease is defined by the presence of abundant neurofibrillary lesions and neuritic ...Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and there are no mechanism-based therapies. The disease is defined by the presence of abundant neurofibrillary lesions and neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary lesions comprise paired helical and straight tau filaments, whereas tau filaments with different morphologies characterize other neurodegenerative diseases. No high-resolution structures of tau filaments are available. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps at 3.4-3.5 Å resolution and corresponding atomic models of paired helical and straight filaments from the brain of an individual with Alzheimer's disease. Filament cores are made of two identical protofilaments comprising residues 306-378 of tau protein, which adopt a combined cross-β/β-helix structure and define the seed for tau aggregation. Paired helical and straight filaments differ in their inter-protofilament packing, showing that they are ultrastructural polymorphs. These findings demonstrate that cryo-EM allows atomic characterization of amyloid filaments from patient-derived material, and pave the way for investigation of a range of neurodegenerative diseases.
History
DepositionMay 24, 2017-
Header (metadata) releaseJul 26, 2017-
Map releaseJul 26, 2017-
UpdateNov 25, 2020-
Current statusNov 25, 2020Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.03
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view colored by cylindrical radius
  • Surface level: 0.03
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-5o3o
  • Surface level: 0.03
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Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_3742.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_3742.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 75.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.04 Å
Density
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.03 / Movie #1: 0.03
Minimum - Maximum-0.075325735 - 0.15799993
Average (Standard dev.)0.00026030248 (-)
SymmetrySpace group: 0
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions270270270
Spacing270270270
CellA=B=C: 280.8 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.041.041.04
M x/y/z270270270
origin x/y/z0.0030.0030.003
length x/y/z280.800280.800280.800
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS270270270
D min/max/mean-0.0750.1580.000

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_3742_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_3742_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Tau from brain

EntireName: Tau from brain
Components
  • Tissue: Tau from brain
    • Protein or peptide: Microtubule-associated protein tauTau protein

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Supramolecule #1: Tau from brain

SupramoleculeName: Tau from brain / type: tissue / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Microtubule-associated protein tau

MacromoleculeName: Microtubule-associated protein tau / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 10 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Human (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.940141 KDa
SequenceString:
VQIVYKPVDL SKVTSKCGSL GNIHHKPGGG QVEVKSEKLD FKDRVQSKIG SLDNITHVPG GGNKKIETHK LTF

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processinghelical reconstruction
Aggregation statetissue

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Sample preparation

Concentration1.0 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7.4 / Details: 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 containing 100 mM NaCl
GridModel: Quantifoil Au R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
DetailsSarkosyl-insoluble material was extracted from grey matter of frontal and temporal cortex from the patients brain and treated with pronase, as described in the Methods section of the paper.

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsC2 aperture diameter: 70.0 µm / Calibrated defocus max: 3.0 µm / Calibrated defocus min: 0.9 µm / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 3.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.9 µm
Specialist opticsEnergy filter - Name: GIF Quantum / Energy filter - Lower energy threshold: -10 eV / Energy filter - Upper energy threshold: 10 eV
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 QUANTUM (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: SUPER-RESOLUTION / Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 3710 pixel / Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 3710 pixel / Digitization - Frames/image: 2-20 / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 523 / Average exposure time: 0.8 sec. / Average electron dose: 2.5 e/Å2
Details: images were collected in movie-mode at 1.2 frames per second
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Segment selectionNumber selected: 66585 / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0)
CTF correctionSoftware - Name: Gctf
Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL
In silico model: Initial models were reconstructed from 2D class averages of segments that were extracted in a box that was large enough to almost comprise an entire pitch length.
Final angle assignmentType: NOT APPLICABLE / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0)
Final reconstructionNumber classes used: 1
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Δz: 2.36 Å
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Δ&Phi: 179.4 °
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Axial symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.5 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 20778
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

Initial modelPDB ID:

2rnm


Chain - Chain ID: A / Chain - Residue range: 226-242
DetailsFourier-space refinement of the complete atomic model against the paired helical filament and straight filament maps was performed in REFMAC. A stack of three consecutive monomers from each of the protofilaments was refined to preserve nearest-neighbour interactions for the middle chain.
RefinementSpace: RECIPROCAL / Protocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Overall B value: 106 / Target criteria: Fourier shell correlation
Output model

PDB-5o3o:
Pronase-treated paired helical filament in Alzheimer's disease brain

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