5J67

Structure of Astrotactin-2, a conserved vertebrate-specific and perforin-like membrane protein involved in neuronal development

Summary for 5J67

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb5j67/pdb
• Descriptor: Astrotactin-2, alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-2)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-2)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-2)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose, ... (4 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: macpf, annexin-like, fibronectin, neural guidance, membrane protein
• Biological source: Homo sapiens (Human); More
• Total number of polymer chains: 4
• Total formula weight: 269671.23

Authors

Ni, T.,Harlos, K.,Gilbert, R.J.C. (deposition date: 2016-04-04, release date: 2016-05-25, Last modification date: 2020-07-29)

Primary citation

Ni, T.,Harlos, K.,Gilbert, R.
Structure of astrotactin-2: a conserved vertebrate-specific and perforin-like membrane protein involved in neuronal development.
Open Biology, 6:-, 2016

PubMed Abstract: The vertebrate-specific proteins astrotactin-1 and 2 (ASTN-1 and ASTN-2) are integral membrane perforin-like proteins known to play critical roles in neurodevelopment, while ASTN-2 has been linked to the planar cell polarity pathway in hair cells. Genetic variations associated with them are linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders and other neurological pathologies, including an advanced onset of Alzheimer's disease. Here we present the structure of the majority endosomal region of ASTN-2, showing it to consist of a unique combination of polypeptide folds: a perforin-like domain, a minimal epidermal growth factor-like module, a unique form of fibronectin type III domain and an annexin-like domain. The perforin-like domain differs from that of other members of the membrane attack complex-perforin (MACPF) protein family in ways that suggest ASTN-2 does not form pores. Structural and biophysical data show that ASTN-2 (but not ASTN-1) binds inositol triphosphates, suggesting a mechanism for membrane recognition or secondary messenger regulation of its activity. The annexin-like domain is closest in fold to repeat three of human annexin V and similarly binds calcium, and yet shares no sequence homology with it. Overall, our structure provides the first atomic-resolution description of a MACPF protein involved in development, while highlighting distinctive features of ASTN-2 responsible for its activity.

PubMed: 27249642
DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160053

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (3.16 Å)