3NT3
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LSSmKate2 red fluorescent proteins with large Stokes shift
Summary for 3NT3
| Entry DOI | 10.2210/pdb3nt3/pdb |
| Related | 3KCS 3NT9 |
| Descriptor | LSSmKate2 red fluorescent protein, GLYCEROL (3 entities in total) |
| Functional Keywords | large stokes shift, site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescent protein |
| Biological source | artificial gene |
| Total number of polymer chains | 4 |
| Total formula weight | 110641.45 |
| Authors | Malashkevich, V.N.,Piatkevich, K.,Almo, S.C.,Verkhusha, V. (deposition date: 2010-07-02, release date: 2010-08-18, Last modification date: 2023-11-22) |
| Primary citation | Piatkevich, K.D.,Malashkevich, V.N.,Almo, S.C.,Verkhusha, V.V. Engineering ESPT Pathways Based on Structural Analysis of LSSmKate Red Fluorescent Proteins with Large Stokes Shift. J.Am.Chem.Soc., 132:10762-10770, 2010 Cited by PubMed Abstract: LSSmKate1 and LSSmKate2 are monomeric red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) with large Stokes shifts (LSSs), which allows for efficient separation of absorbance and emission maxima, as well as for excitation with conventional two-photon laser sources. These LSSmKates differ by a single amino acid substitution at position 160 and exhibit absorbance maxima around 460 nm, corresponding to a neutral DsRed-like chromophore. However, excitation at 460 nm leads to fluorescence emission above 600 nm. Structures of LSSmKate1 and LSSmKate2, determined at resolutions of 2.0 and 1.5 A, respectively, revealed that the predominant DsRed-chromophore configurations are cis for LSSmKate1 but trans for LSSmKate2. Crystallographic and mutagenesis analyses, as well as isotope and temperature dependences, suggest that an excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) is responsible for the LSSs observed in LSSmKates. Hydrogen bonding between the chromophore hydroxyl and Glu160 in LSSmKate1 and a proton relay involving the chromophore tyrosine hydroxyl, Ser158, and the Asp160 carboxylate in LSSmKate2 represent the putative ESPT pathways. Comparisons with mKeima LSS RFP suggest that similar proton relays could be engineered in other FPs. Accordingly, we mutated positions 158 and 160 in several conventional red-shifted FPs, including mNeptune, mCherry, mStrawberry, mOrange, and mKO, and the resulting FP variants exhibited LSS fluorescence emission in a wide range of wavelengths from 560 to 640 nm. These data suggest that different chromophores formed by distinct tripeptides in different environments can be rationally modified to yield RFPs with novel photochemical properties. PubMed: 20681709DOI: 10.1021/ja101974k PDB entries with the same primary citation |
| Experimental method | X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.5 Å) |
Structure validation
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