1KGX

Three Dimensional Structure Analysis of the R195Q Variant of Human Pancreatic Alpha Amylase

Summary for 1KGX

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb1kgx/pdb
• Related: 1BS1 1KB3 1KGU 1KGW
• Descriptor: ALPHA-AMYLASE, PANCREATIC, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose, CALCIUM ION, ... (4 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: alpha-amylase, chloride binding, pichia pastoris, mutagenesis, catalysis, pancreatic, enzyme, human, hydrolase
• Biological source: Homo sapiens (human)
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 56163.52

Authors

Numao, S.,Maurus, R.,Sidhu, G.,Wang, Y.,Overall, C.M.,Brayer, G.D.,Withers, S.G. (deposition date: 2001-11-28, release date: 2002-01-16, Last modification date: 2023-08-16)

Primary citation

Numao, S.,Maurus, R.,Sidhu, G.,Wang, Y.,Overall, C.M.,Brayer, G.D.,Withers, S.G.
Probing the role of the chloride ion in the mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase.
Biochemistry, 41:215-225, 2002

PubMed Abstract: Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) is a member of the alpha-amylase family involved in the degradation of starch. Some members of this family, including HPA, require chloride for maximal activity. To determine the mechanism of chloride activation, a series of mutants (R195A, R195Q, N298S, R337A, and R337Q) were made in which residues in the chloride ion binding site were replaced. Mutations in this binding site were found to severely affect the ability of HPA to bind chloride ions with no binding detected for the R195 and R337 mutant enzymes. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that these mutations did not result in significant structural changes. However, the introduction of these mutations did alter the kinetic properties of the enzyme. Mutations to residue R195 resulted in a 20-450-fold decrease in the activity of the enzyme toward starch and shifted the pH optimum to a more basic pH. Interestingly, replacement of R337 with a nonbasic amino acid resulted in an alpha-amylase that no longer required chloride for catalysis and has a pH profile similar to that of wild-type HPA. In contrast, a mutation at residue N298 resulted in an enzyme that had much lower binding affinity for chloride but still required chloride for maximal activity. We propose that the chloride is required to increase the pK(a) of the acid/base catalyst, E233, which would otherwise be lower due to the presence of R337, a positively charged residue.

PubMed: 11772019
DOI: 10.1021/bi0115636

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2 Å)