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Yorodumi- PDB-9w39: Structure of human 26S proteasome complexed with midnolin, 19S pr... -
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Basic information
| Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 9w39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Title | Structure of human 26S proteasome complexed with midnolin, 19S proteasome with Ubl bound | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Keywords | HYDROLASE / proteasome / midnolin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationnegative regulation of glucokinase activity / positive regulation of inclusion body assembly / thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding / nuclear proteasome complex / host-mediated perturbation of viral transcription / Impaired BRCA2 translocation to the nucleus / Impaired BRCA2 binding to SEM1 (DSS1) / proteasome accessory complex / integrator complex / proteasome regulatory particle ...negative regulation of glucokinase activity / positive regulation of inclusion body assembly / thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding / nuclear proteasome complex / host-mediated perturbation of viral transcription / Impaired BRCA2 translocation to the nucleus / Impaired BRCA2 binding to SEM1 (DSS1) / proteasome accessory complex / integrator complex / proteasome regulatory particle / cytosolic proteasome complex / positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process / transcription factor binding / proteasome-activating activity / proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex / proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex / negative regulation of programmed cell death / protein K63-linked deubiquitination / metal-dependent deubiquitinase activity / Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) / Proteasome assembly / cellular response to type I interferon / Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes) / retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum / Somitogenesis / K63-linked deubiquitinase activity / Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange / Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to BRCA1 loss of function / Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA1 binding function / Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA2/RAD51/RAD51C binding function / Resolution of D-loop Structures through Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) / Resolution of D-loop Structures through Holliday Junction Intermediates / detection of maltose stimulus / proteasome binding / carbohydrate transport / Impaired BRCA2 binding to RAD51 / negative regulation of insulin secretion / proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process / positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly / general transcription initiation factor binding / carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity / proteasome storage granule / maltose binding / Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange / maltose transport / maltodextrin transmembrane transport / polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding / protein deubiquitination / endopeptidase activator activity / ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, substrate-binding subunit-containing / proteasome assembly / mRNA export from nucleus / SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways / regulation of macroautophagy / stem cell differentiation / proteasome complex / enzyme regulator activity / ERAD pathway / ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex / inclusion body / TBP-class protein binding / regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process / bioluminescence / cell chemotaxis / Regulation of activated PAK-2p34 by proteasome mediated degradation / generation of precursor metabolites and energy / ubiquitin binding / Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C / proteasomal protein catabolic process / APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin / N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle / Asymmetric localization of PCP proteins / Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D / SCF-beta-TrCP mediated degradation of Emi1 / NIK-->noncanonical NF-kB signaling / AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds and destabilizes mRNA / TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / P-body / Vpu mediated degradation of CD4 / Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A / Dectin-1 mediated noncanonical NF-kB signaling / Degradation of DVL / Degradation of AXIN / Degradation of CRY and PER proteins / Hh mutants are degraded by ERAD / Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells / G2/M Checkpoints / Degradation of GLI1 by the proteasome / Hedgehog ligand biogenesis / Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 / Regulation of RUNX3 expression and activity / double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / Defective CFTR causes cystic fibrosis / GSK3B and BTRC:CUL1-mediated-degradation of NFE2L2 / Negative regulation of NOTCH4 signaling / AMPK-induced ERAD and lysosome mediated degradation of PD-L1(CD274) / Hedgehog 'on' state / APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1 / Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G Similarity search - Function | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biological species | ![]() Homo sapiens (human) Purpureocillium lilacinum (fungus) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.65 Å | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Authors | Zhu, C. / Qin, L. / Liang, L. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funding support | China, 1items
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Citation | Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2026Title: Structural dynamics of the midnolin-proteasome during ubiquitin-independent substrate turnover. Authors: Chuanda Zhu / Lu Qin / Zonglin Dai / Peng Zuo / Ao Yang / Lijun Zhong / Zhiqiang Lin / Ling Liang / ![]() Abstract: The 26S proteasome typically degrades proteins marked by ubiquitin chains. However, a distinct, ubiquitin-independent degradation pathway for nuclear proteins exists, mediated by the adaptor protein ...The 26S proteasome typically degrades proteins marked by ubiquitin chains. However, a distinct, ubiquitin-independent degradation pathway for nuclear proteins exists, mediated by the adaptor protein midnolin, yet its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we present nine cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human 26S proteasome in complex with midnolin, which collectively delineate a near-complete catalytic cycle. Our structures reveal that midnolin binds to the proteasome via the RPN1 subunit by its C-terminal helix. Unexpectedly, its ubiquitin-like domain interacts with the RPN11 deubiquitinase in a non-catalytic role. This interaction positions the adjacent Catch domain, which is responsible for substrate binding, directly above the proteasomal entrance, potentially facilitating substrate entry into the proteasome. Furthermore, we observe four consecutive spiral staircase conformations of the AAA+ ATPase hexamer during substrate translocation. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying ubiquitin-independent nuclear protein degradation and may help develop strategies for targeting nuclear proteins via direct proteasomal degradation. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History |
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Structure visualization
| Structure viewer | Molecule: Molmil Jmol/JSmol |
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Downloads & links
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Download
| PDBx/mmCIF format | 9w39.cif.gz | 1.2 MB | Display | PDBx/mmCIF format |
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| PDB format | pdb9w39.ent.gz | Display | PDB format | |
| PDBx/mmJSON format | 9w39.json.gz | Tree view | PDBx/mmJSON format | |
| Others | Other downloads |
-Validation report
| Arichive directory | https://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/w3/9w39 ftp://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/w3/9w39 | HTTPS FTP |
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-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 65595MC ![]() 22mmC ![]() 9mboC ![]() 9mbpC ![]() 9mbqC ![]() 9u3lC ![]() 9u4mC ![]() 9u7rC ![]() 9wbgC M: map data used to model this data C: citing same article ( |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
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Assembly
| Deposited unit | ![]()
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Components
-Protein , 3 types, 3 molecules fec
| #1: Protein | Mass: 92188.164 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Source: (gene. exp.) ![]() Homo sapiens (human)Gene: malE, b4034, JW3994, MIDN / Production host: ![]() |
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| #12: Protein | Mass: 8284.611 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P60896 |
| #15: Protein | Mass: 66145.211 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human), (gene. exp.) Purpureocillium lilacinum (fungus)Gene: PSMD14, POH1, PCL_01928 / Production host: ![]() References: UniProt: O00487, UniProt: A0A2U3DNX3, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 |
-26S proteasome regulatory subunit ... , 6 types, 6 molecules CDABEF
| #2: Protein | Mass: 45694.047 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P62195 |
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| #3: Protein | Mass: 47426.141 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P43686 |
| #16: Protein | Mass: 48700.805 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P35998 |
| #17: Protein | Mass: 49260.504 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P62191 |
| #18: Protein | Mass: 44241.008 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P62333 |
| #19: Protein | Mass: 49266.457 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P17980 |
-26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit ... , 9 types, 9 molecules VWXYZabdU
| #4: Protein | Mass: 61066.500 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O43242 |
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| #5: Protein | Mass: 52979.359 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O00232 |
| #6: Protein | Mass: 47526.688 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O00231 |
| #7: Protein | Mass: 45592.285 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q15008 |
| #8: Protein | Mass: 37086.441 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P51665 |
| #9: Protein | Mass: 42995.359 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q9UNM6 |
| #10: Protein | Mass: 40781.590 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P55036 |
| #11: Protein | Mass: 39667.871 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P48556 |
| #14: Protein | Mass: 105958.234 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q99460 |
-Protein/peptide , 1 types, 1 molecules v
| #13: Protein/peptide | Mass: 613.749 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Production host: ![]() |
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-Non-polymers , 4 types, 10 molecules 






| #20: Chemical | | #21: Chemical | ChemComp-ATP / #22: Chemical | ChemComp-ZN / | #23: Chemical | |
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-Details
| Has ligand of interest | Y |
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| Has protein modification | N |
-Experimental details
-Experiment
| Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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| EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
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Sample preparation
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| Source (natural) |
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| Source (recombinant) |
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| Buffer solution | pH: 7.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specimen | Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy imaging
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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| Microscopy | Model: TFS KRIOS |
| Electron gun | Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM |
| Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1200 nm |
| Image recording | Electron dose: 40 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) |
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Processing
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| CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3D reconstruction | Resolution: 3.65 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 22385 / Symmetry type: POINT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refinement | Highest resolution: 3.65 Å Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refine LS restraints |
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About Yorodumi




Homo sapiens (human)
Purpureocillium lilacinum (fungus)
China, 1items
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