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Yorodumi- PDB-9ehz: Cryo-EM structure of Human RNA polymerase II Elongation Complex i... -
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Basic information
| Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 9ehz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Title | Cryo-EM structure of Human RNA polymerase II Elongation Complex in an Intermediate Translocation State | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Keywords | TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSFERASE/DNA/RNA / translocation / Human RNA polymerase II / TRANSFERASE-DNA-RNA complex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationmicrofibril binding / RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination / regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I / RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Abortive And Retractive Initiation / Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA ...microfibril binding / RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination / regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I / RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Abortive And Retractive Initiation / Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA / Abortive elongation of HIV-1 transcript in the absence of Tat / FGFR2 alternative splicing / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination / MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis / Viral Messenger RNA Synthesis / Signaling by FGFR2 IIIa TM / LRR domain binding / positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV infection / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / HIV Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II HIV Promoter Escape / Transcription of the HIV genome / RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / Formation of the HIV-1 Early Elongation Complex / mRNA Capping / mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway / PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis / maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process / Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation / transcription by RNA polymerase III / positive regulation of translational initiation / Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV elongation / Tat-mediated HIV elongation arrest and recovery / RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes / HIV elongation arrest and recovery / Pausing and recovery of HIV elongation / Tat-mediated elongation of the HIV-1 transcript / Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat / RNA polymerase I complex / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I / RNA polymerase III complex / Formation of HIV elongation complex in the absence of HIV Tat / RNA polymerase II, core complex / tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III / transcription by RNA polymerase I / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation / Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex / translation initiation factor binding / transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / positive regulation of RNA splicing / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter / promoter-specific chromatin binding / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / P-body / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / DNA-templated transcription termination / protein-DNA complex / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair (TC-NER) / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex / kinase binding / ribonucleoside binding / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / fibrillar center / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / Dual incision in TC-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / single-stranded DNA binding / chromosome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / Estrogen-dependent gene expression / nucleic acid binding / transcription by RNA polymerase II / hydrolase activity / single-stranded RNA binding / protein dimerization activity / protein stabilization / nuclear speck / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / nucleotide binding / RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / chromatin binding / regulation of DNA-templated transcription / nucleolus / magnesium ion binding / mitochondrion Similarity search - Function | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biological species | Homo sapiens (human) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.6 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Authors | Florez Ariza, A. / Lue, N. / Nogales, E. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funding support | United States, 2items
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Citation | Journal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2025Title: Structural insights into transcriptional regulation by the helicase RECQL5. Authors: Alfredo Jose Florez Ariza / Nicholas Z Lue / Patricia Grob / Benjamin Kaeser / Jie Fang / Susanne A Kassube / Eva Nogales / ![]() Abstract: Transcription poses a major challenge for genome stability. The RECQL5 helicase helps safeguard genome integrity and is the only member of the human RecQ helicase family that directly binds to RNA ...Transcription poses a major challenge for genome stability. The RECQL5 helicase helps safeguard genome integrity and is the only member of the human RecQ helicase family that directly binds to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and affects its progression. While RECQL5 mitigates transcription stress in cells, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of stalled human Pol II elongation complexes (ECs) bound to RECQL5. Our structures reveal the molecular interactions stabilizing RECQL5 binding to the Pol II EC and highlight its role as a transcriptional roadblock. Additionally, we find that, in its nucleotide-free state, RECQL5 twists the downstream DNA in the EC and, upon nucleotide binding, undergoes a conformational change that allosterically induces Pol II toward a post-translocation state. We propose that this mechanism may help restart Pol II elongation and, therefore, contribute to reducing transcription stress. #1: Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2025 Title: Structural insights into transcriptional regulation by the helicase RECQL5. Authors: Alfredo Jose Florez Ariza / Nicholas Z Lue / Patricia Grob / Benjamin Kaeser / Jie Fang / Susanne A Kassube / Eva Nogales / ![]() Abstract: Transcription and its regulation pose a major challenge for genome stability. The helicase RECQL5 has been proposed as an important factor to help safeguard the genome, and is the only member of the ...Transcription and its regulation pose a major challenge for genome stability. The helicase RECQL5 has been proposed as an important factor to help safeguard the genome, and is the only member of the human RecQ helicase family that directly binds to RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) and affects its progression. RECQL5 mitigates transcription stress and genome instability in cells, yet the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Here, we employ cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of stalled Pol II elongation complexes (ECs) bound to RECQL5. Our structures reveal the molecular interactions stabilizing RECQL5 binding to the Pol II EC and highlight its role as a transcriptional roadblock. Additionally, we find that RECQL5 can modulate the Pol II translocation state. In its nucleotide-free state, RECQL5 mechanically twists the downstream DNA in the EC, and upon nucleotide binding, it undergoes a conformational change that allosterically induces Pol II towards a post-translocation state. We propose this mechanism may help restart Pol II elongation and therefore contribute to reduction of transcription stress. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Structure visualization
| Structure viewer | Molecule: Molmil Jmol/JSmol |
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Downloads & links
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Download
| PDBx/mmCIF format | 9ehz.cif.gz | 823.7 KB | Display | PDBx/mmCIF format |
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| PDB format | pdb9ehz.ent.gz | 646.4 KB | Display | PDB format |
| PDBx/mmJSON format | 9ehz.json.gz | Tree view | PDBx/mmJSON format | |
| Others | Other downloads |
-Validation report
| Summary document | 9ehz_validation.pdf.gz | 1.3 MB | Display | wwPDB validaton report |
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| Full document | 9ehz_full_validation.pdf.gz | 1.4 MB | Display | |
| Data in XML | 9ehz_validation.xml.gz | 115.6 KB | Display | |
| Data in CIF | 9ehz_validation.cif.gz | 179.7 KB | Display | |
| Arichive directory | https://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/eh/9ehz ftp://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/eh/9ehz | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 48071MC ![]() 9ei1C ![]() 9ei2C ![]() 9ei3C ![]() 9ei4C M: map data used to model this data C: citing same article ( |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
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Assembly
| Deposited unit | ![]()
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Components
-DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit ... , 7 types, 7 molecules DGIKABC
| #1: Protein | Mass: 16331.255 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O15514 |
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| #4: Protein | Mass: 19314.283 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P62487 |
| #6: Protein | Mass: 14541.221 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P36954 |
| #8: Protein | Mass: 13310.284 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P52435 |
| #13: Protein | Mass: 217420.047 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P24928, DNA-directed RNA polymerase |
| #14: Protein | Mass: 134071.453 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P30876, DNA-directed RNA polymerase |
| #15: Protein | Mass: 31478.148 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P19387 |
-DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit ... , 5 types, 5 molecules EFHJL
| #2: Protein | Mass: 24644.318 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P19388 |
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| #3: Protein | Mass: 14491.026 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P61218 |
| #5: Protein | Mass: 17162.273 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P52434 |
| #7: Protein | Mass: 7655.123 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P62875 |
| #9: Protein | Mass: 7018.244 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P53803 |
-DNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules NT
| #10: DNA chain | Mass: 13305.593 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human) |
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| #12: DNA chain | Mass: 8515.503 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human) |
-RNA chain , 1 types, 1 molecules P
| #11: RNA chain | Mass: 6414.902 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human) |
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-Non-polymers , 2 types, 9 molecules 


| #16: Chemical | ChemComp-ZN / #17: Chemical | ChemComp-MG / | |
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-Details
| Has ligand of interest | Y |
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| Has protein modification | N |
-Experimental details
-Experiment
| Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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| EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
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Sample preparation
| Component | Name: Free Stalled Human RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complex in an Intermediate Translocation State Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#15 / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES |
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| Molecular weight | Value: 0.43 MDa / Experimental value: NO |
| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Buffer solution | pH: 8 |
| Specimen | Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES |
| Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy imaging
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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| Microscopy | Model: TFS KRIOS |
| Electron gun | Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER |
| Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm |
| Image recording | Electron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) |
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Processing
| EM software | Name: PHENIX / Version: 1.20.1_4487 / Category: model refinement |
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| CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION |
| 3D reconstruction | Resolution: 2.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 174428 / Symmetry type: POINT |
| Refinement | Highest resolution: 2.6 Å Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS) |
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Homo sapiens (human)
United States, 2items
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FIELD EMISSION GUN