Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2021 Title: Cryo-EM reveals the architecture of placental malaria VAR2CSA and provides molecular insight into chondroitin sulfate binding. Authors: Kaituo Wang / Robert Dagil / Thomas Lavstsen / Sandeep K Misra / Charlotte B Spliid / Yong Wang / Tobias Gustavsson / Daniel R Sandoval / Elena Ethel Vidal-Calvo / Swati Choudhary / Mette Ø ...Authors: Kaituo Wang / Robert Dagil / Thomas Lavstsen / Sandeep K Misra / Charlotte B Spliid / Yong Wang / Tobias Gustavsson / Daniel R Sandoval / Elena Ethel Vidal-Calvo / Swati Choudhary / Mette Ø Agerbaek / Kresten Lindorff-Larsen / Morten A Nielsen / Thor G Theander / Joshua S Sharp / Thomas Mandel Clausen / Pontus Gourdon / Ali Salanti / Abstract: Placental malaria can have severe consequences for both mother and child and effective vaccines are lacking. Parasite-infected red blood cells sequester in the placenta through interaction between ...Placental malaria can have severe consequences for both mother and child and effective vaccines are lacking. Parasite-infected red blood cells sequester in the placenta through interaction between parasite-expressed protein VAR2CSA and the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate A (CS) abundantly present in the intervillous space. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the VAR2CSA ectodomain at up to 3.1 Å resolution revealing an overall V-shaped architecture and a complex domain organization. Notably, the surface displays a single significantly electropositive patch, compatible with binding of negatively charged CS. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations as well as comparative hydroxyl radical protein foot-printing of VAR2CSA in complex with placental CS, we identify the CS-binding groove, intersecting with the positively charged patch of the central VAR2CSA structure. We identify distinctive conserved structural features upholding the macro-molecular domain complex and CS binding capacity of VAR2CSA as well as divergent elements possibly allowing immune escape at or near the CS binding site. These observations will support rational design of second-generation placental malaria vaccines.
Mass: 307549.812 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Source: (gene. exp.) Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum) Gene: var / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: Q6UDW7
Has protein modification
Y
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Experimental details
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Experiment
Experiment
Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experiment
Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction
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Sample preparation
Component
Name: VAR2CSA full ectodomain / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weight
Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)
Organism: Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)
Source (recombinant)
Organism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
Buffer solution
pH: 7.5 / Details: 20mM Tris pH 7.5, 125mM KCl
Specimen
Conc.: 8.6 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Details: Added 1mM FF8 as additive just before freezing
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Electron microscopy imaging
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
Microscopy
Model: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gun
Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER
Electron lens
Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 100 µm / Alignment procedure: BASIC
Electron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Detector mode: INTEGRATING / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON III (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 8081
Resolution: 3.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 102676 / Algorithm: BACK PROJECTION / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
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