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- EMDB-63068: Cryo-EM structure of GPR4 complexed with Gs in pH8.0 -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-63068
TitleCryo-EM structure of GPR4 complexed with Gs in pH8.0
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: gpr4-gs
    • Complex: GPCR
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Complex: nanobody
      • Protein or peptide: Nanobody 35
KeywordsGPCR / GPR4 / DNGs / Proton sensing / SIGNALING PROTEIN / SIGNALING PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / response to acidic pH / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / hair follicle placode formation / developmental growth / D1 dopamine receptor binding ...glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / response to acidic pH / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / hair follicle placode formation / developmental growth / D1 dopamine receptor binding / intracellular transport / regulation of cell adhesion / renal water homeostasis / Hedgehog 'off' state / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / activation of adenylate cyclase activity / regulation of insulin secretion / cellular response to glucagon stimulus / adenylate cyclase activator activity / negative regulation of angiogenesis / trans-Golgi network membrane / negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / G protein-coupled receptor activity / bone development / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / platelet aggregation / cognition / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G-protein activation / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / positive regulation of inflammatory response / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / photoreceptor disc membrane / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G alpha (z) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / sensory perception of smell / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / G protein activity / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / retina development in camera-type eye / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / fibroblast proliferation / G alpha (i) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (s) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / synapse / protein-containing complex binding / GTP binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / metal ion binding / membrane / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain ...G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / WD domain, G-beta repeat / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
G-protein coupled receptor 4 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Lama glama (llama)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.84 Å
AuthorsYue XL / Wu LJ / Hua T / Liu ZJ
Funding support1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Not funded
CitationJournal: Cell Res / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of stepwise proton sensing-mediated GPCR activation.
Authors: Xiaolei Yue / Li Peng / Shenhui Liu / Bingjie Zhang / Xiaodan Zhang / Hao Chang / Yuan Pei / Xiaoting Li / Junlin Liu / Wenqing Shui / Lijie Wu / Huji Xu / Zhi-Jie Liu / Tian Hua /
Abstract: The regulation of pH homeostasis is crucial in many biological processes vital for survival, growth, and function of life. The pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR4, GPR65 ...The regulation of pH homeostasis is crucial in many biological processes vital for survival, growth, and function of life. The pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR4, GPR65 and GPR68, play a pivotal role in detecting changes in extracellular proton concentrations, impacting both physiological and pathological states. However, comprehensive understanding of the proton sensing mechanism is still elusive. Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of GPR4 and GPR65 in various activation states across different pH levels, coupled with G, G or G proteins, as well as a small molecule NE52-QQ57-bound inactive GPR4 structure. These structures reveal the dynamic nature of the extracellular loop 2 and its signature conformations in different receptor states, and disclose the proton sensing mechanism mediated by networks of extracellular histidine and carboxylic acid residues. Notably, we unexpectedly captured partially active intermediate states of both GPR4-G and GPR4-G complexes, and identified a unique allosteric binding site for NE52-QQ57 in GPR4. By integrating prior investigations with our structural analysis and mutagenesis data, we propose a detailed atomic model for stepwise proton sensation and GPCR activation. These insights may pave the way for the development of selective ligands and targeted therapeutic interventions for pH sensing-relevant diseases.
History
DepositionJan 10, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseApr 23, 2025-
Map releaseApr 23, 2025-
UpdateApr 23, 2025-
Current statusApr 23, 2025Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_63068.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_63068.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.04 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 266.24 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 266.24 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 266.24 Å

Surface

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.04 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.03
Minimum - Maximum-0.0018441521 - 1.5462842
Average (Standard dev.)0.00076412613 (±0.0192418)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 266.24 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_63068_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_63068_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : gpr4-gs

EntireName: gpr4-gs
Components
  • Complex: gpr4-gs
    • Complex: GPCR
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Complex: nanobody
      • Protein or peptide: Nanobody 35

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Supramolecule #1: gpr4-gs

SupramoleculeName: gpr4-gs / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #2-#5, #1

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Supramolecule #2: GPCR

SupramoleculeName: GPCR / type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #2-#3, #5, #1
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #3: nanobody

SupramoleculeName: nanobody / type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #4
Source (natural)Organism: Lama glama (llama)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 28.907684 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: NSKTEDQRNE EKAQREANKK IEKQLQKDKQ VYRATHRLLL LGADNSGKST IVKQMRILHG GSGGSGGTSG IFETKFQVDK VNFHMFDVG GQRDERRKWI QCFNDVTAII FVVDSSDYNR LQEALNLFKS IWNNRWLRTI SVILFLNKQD LLAEKVLAGK S KIEDYFPE ...String:
NSKTEDQRNE EKAQREANKK IEKQLQKDKQ VYRATHRLLL LGADNSGKST IVKQMRILHG GSGGSGGTSG IFETKFQVDK VNFHMFDVG GQRDERRKWI QCFNDVTAII FVVDSSDYNR LQEALNLFKS IWNNRWLRTI SVILFLNKQD LLAEKVLAGK S KIEDYFPE FARYTTPEDA TPEPGEDPRV TRAKYFIRDE FLRISTASGD GRHYCYPHFT CAVDTENARR IFNDCRDIIQ RM HLRQYEL L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 38.045629 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: IGRARGFSEL DQLRQEAEQL KNQIRDARKA CADATLSQIT NNIDPVGRIQ MRTRRTLRGH LAKIYAMHWG TDSRLLVSAS QDGKLIIWD SYTTNKVHAI PLRSSWVMTC AYAPSGNYVA CGGLDNICSI YNLKTREGNV RVSRELAGHT GYLSCCRFLD D NQIVTSSG ...String:
IGRARGFSEL DQLRQEAEQL KNQIRDARKA CADATLSQIT NNIDPVGRIQ MRTRRTLRGH LAKIYAMHWG TDSRLLVSAS QDGKLIIWD SYTTNKVHAI PLRSSWVMTC AYAPSGNYVA CGGLDNICSI YNLKTREGNV RVSRELAGHT GYLSCCRFLD D NQIVTSSG DTTCALWDIE TGQQTTTFTG HTGDVMSLSL APDTRLFVSG ACDASAKLWD VREGMCRQTF TGHESDINAI CF FPNGNAF ATGSDDATCR LFDLRADQEL MTYSHDNIIC GITSVSFSKS GRLLLAGYDD FNCNVWDALK ADRAGVLAGH DNR VSCLGV TDDGMAVATG SWDSFLKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: Nanobody 35

MacromoleculeName: Nanobody 35 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Lama glama (llama)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 17.057271 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
MKYLLPTAAA GLLLLAAQPA MAMQVQLQES GGGLVQPGGS LRLSCAASGF TFSNYKMNWV RQAPGKGLEW VSDISQSGAS ISYTGSVKG RFTISRDNAK NTLYLQMNSL KPEDTAVYYC ARCPAPFTRD CFDVTSTTYA YRGQGTQVTV SSHHHHHH

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Macromolecule #5: G-protein coupled receptor 4

MacromoleculeName: G-protein coupled receptor 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 42.688301 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGNHTWEGCH VDSRVDHLFP PSLYIFVIGV GLPTNCLALW AAYRQVQQRN ELGVYLMNLS IADLLYICTL PLWVDYFLHH DNWIHGPGS CKLFGFIFYT NIYISIAFLC CISVDRYLAV AHPLRFARLR RVKTAVAVSS VVWATELGAN SAPLFHDELF R DRYNHTFC ...String:
MGNHTWEGCH VDSRVDHLFP PSLYIFVIGV GLPTNCLALW AAYRQVQQRN ELGVYLMNLS IADLLYICTL PLWVDYFLHH DNWIHGPGS CKLFGFIFYT NIYISIAFLC CISVDRYLAV AHPLRFARLR RVKTAVAVSS VVWATELGAN SAPLFHDELF R DRYNHTFC FEKFPMEGWV AWMNLYRVFV GFLFPWALML LSYRGILRAV RGSVSTERQE KAKIKRLALS LIAIVLVCFA PY HVLLLSR SAIYLGRPWD CGFEERVFSA YHSSLAFTSL NCVADPILYC LVNEGARSDV AKALHNLLRF LASDKPQEMA NAS LTLETP LTSKRNSTAK AMTGSWAATP PSQGDQVQEF LEVLFQGPHH HHHHHHHH

UniProtKB: G-protein coupled receptor 4

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 6.8
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TALOS ARCTICA
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOCONTINUUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.84 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 215671
Initial angle assignmentType: COMMON LINE
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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