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- EMDB-61489: Cryo-EM structure of GPR4 complexed with miniG13 in pH6.8 -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-61489
TitleCryo-EM structure of GPR4 complexed with miniG13 in pH6.8
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: gpr4-g13
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
KeywordsGPCR / GPR4 / miniG13 / Proton sensing / SIGNALING PROTEIN / SIGNALING PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


D5 dopamine receptor binding / regulation of fibroblast migration / Rho-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction / NRAGE signals death through JNK ...D5 dopamine receptor binding / regulation of fibroblast migration / Rho-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction / NRAGE signals death through JNK / branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / CDC42 GTPase cycle / regulation of postsynapse assembly / regulation of cell adhesion / Rho protein signal transduction / RAC1 GTPase cycle / guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity / negative regulation of angiogenesis / brush border membrane / G protein-coupled receptor activity / platelet activation / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / regulation of blood pressure / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / positive regulation of inflammatory response / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / melanosome / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / regulation of cell shape / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / retina development in camera-type eye / G protein activity / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / in utero embryonic development / Ras protein signal transduction / cell differentiation / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / postsynapse / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / focal adhesion / GTPase activity / synapse / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / metal ion binding / nucleus / membrane / plasma membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
G-protein alpha subunit, group 12/13 / G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain ...G-protein alpha subunit, group 12/13 / G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.35 Å
AuthorsYue XL / Wu LJ / Hua T / Liu ZJ
Funding support1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Not funded
CitationJournal: Cell Res / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of stepwise proton sensing-mediated GPCR activation.
Authors: Xiaolei Yue / Li Peng / Shenhui Liu / Bingjie Zhang / Xiaodan Zhang / Hao Chang / Yuan Pei / Xiaoting Li / Junlin Liu / Wenqing Shui / Lijie Wu / Huji Xu / Zhi-Jie Liu / Tian Hua /
Abstract: The regulation of pH homeostasis is crucial in many biological processes vital for survival, growth, and function of life. The pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR4, GPR65 ...The regulation of pH homeostasis is crucial in many biological processes vital for survival, growth, and function of life. The pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR4, GPR65 and GPR68, play a pivotal role in detecting changes in extracellular proton concentrations, impacting both physiological and pathological states. However, comprehensive understanding of the proton sensing mechanism is still elusive. Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of GPR4 and GPR65 in various activation states across different pH levels, coupled with G, G or G proteins, as well as a small molecule NE52-QQ57-bound inactive GPR4 structure. These structures reveal the dynamic nature of the extracellular loop 2 and its signature conformations in different receptor states, and disclose the proton sensing mechanism mediated by networks of extracellular histidine and carboxylic acid residues. Notably, we unexpectedly captured partially active intermediate states of both GPR4-G and GPR4-G complexes, and identified a unique allosteric binding site for NE52-QQ57 in GPR4. By integrating prior investigations with our structural analysis and mutagenesis data, we propose a detailed atomic model for stepwise proton sensation and GPCR activation. These insights may pave the way for the development of selective ligands and targeted therapeutic interventions for pH sensing-relevant diseases.
History
DepositionSep 10, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseApr 23, 2025-
Map releaseApr 23, 2025-
UpdateJun 18, 2025-
Current statusJun 18, 2025Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_61489.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_61489.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.96 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 245.76 Å		0.96 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 245.76 Å		0.96 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 245.76 Å

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.96 Å
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Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.03
Minimum - Maximum-0.0017781131 - 2.064629
Average (Standard dev.)0.0013985264 (±0.027174471)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 245.76 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_61489_half_map_1.map
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_61489_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : gpr4-g13

EntireName: gpr4-g13
Components
  • Complex: gpr4-g13
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4

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Supramolecule #1: gpr4-g13

SupramoleculeName: gpr4-g13 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 26.5744 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGSTVSAEDK AAAERSKEID KCLSREKTYV KRLVKILLLG ADNSGKSTFL KQMRIIHGGS GGSGGTKGIH EYDFEIKNVP FKMVDVGGQ RSERKRWFEC FDSVTSILFL VDSSDFNRLT ESLNDFETIV NNRVFSNVSI ILFLNKTDLL EEKVQIVSIK D YFLEFEGD ...String:
MGSTVSAEDK AAAERSKEID KCLSREKTYV KRLVKILLLG ADNSGKSTFL KQMRIIHGGS GGSGGTKGIH EYDFEIKNVP FKMVDVGGQ RSERKRWFEC FDSVTSILFL VDSSDFNRLT ESLNDFETIV NNRVFSNVSI ILFLNKTDLL EEKVQIVSIK D YFLEFEGD PHCLRDVQKF LVECFRNKRR DQQQKPLYHH FTTAINTENA RLIFRDVKDT ILHDNLKQLM LQ

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 38.045629 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: IGRARGFSEL DQLRQEAEQL KNQIRDARKA CADATLSQIT NNIDPVGRIQ MRTRRTLRGH LAKIYAMHWG TDSRLLVSAS QDGKLIIWD SYTTNKVHAI PLRSSWVMTC AYAPSGNYVA CGGLDNICSI YNLKTREGNV RVSRELAGHT GYLSCCRFLD D NQIVTSSG ...String:
IGRARGFSEL DQLRQEAEQL KNQIRDARKA CADATLSQIT NNIDPVGRIQ MRTRRTLRGH LAKIYAMHWG TDSRLLVSAS QDGKLIIWD SYTTNKVHAI PLRSSWVMTC AYAPSGNYVA CGGLDNICSI YNLKTREGNV RVSRELAGHT GYLSCCRFLD D NQIVTSSG DTTCALWDIE TGQQTTTFTG HTGDVMSLSL APDTRLFVSG ACDASAKLWD VREGMCRQTF TGHESDINAI CF FPNGNAF ATGSDDATCR LFDLRADQEL MTYSHDNIIC GITSVSFSKS GRLLLAGYDD FNCNVWDALK ADRAGVLAGH DNR VSCLGV TDDGMAVATG SWDSFLKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 30.668211 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MVSAIVLYVL LAAAAHSAFA DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFT ISRDDPKNTL FLQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV M TQATSSVP ...String:
MVSAIVLYVL LAAAAHSAFA DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFT ISRDDPKNTL FLQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV M TQATSSVP VTPGESVSIS CRSSKSLLHS NGNTYLYWFL QRPGQSPQLL IYRMSNLASG VPDRFSGSGS GTAFTLTISR LE AEDVGVY YCMQHLEYPL TFGAGTKLEL KAAAENLYFQ SHHHHHHHH

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Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #5: G-protein coupled receptor 4

MacromoleculeName: G-protein coupled receptor 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 42.688301 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGNHTWEGCH VDSRVDHLFP PSLYIFVIGV GLPTNCLALW AAYRQVQQRN ELGVYLMNLS IADLLYICTL PLWVDYFLHH DNWIHGPGS CKLFGFIFYT NIYISIAFLC CISVDRYLAV AHPLRFARLR RVKTAVAVSS VVWATELGAN SAPLFHDELF R DRYNHTFC ...String:
MGNHTWEGCH VDSRVDHLFP PSLYIFVIGV GLPTNCLALW AAYRQVQQRN ELGVYLMNLS IADLLYICTL PLWVDYFLHH DNWIHGPGS CKLFGFIFYT NIYISIAFLC CISVDRYLAV AHPLRFARLR RVKTAVAVSS VVWATELGAN SAPLFHDELF R DRYNHTFC FEKFPMEGWV AWMNLYRVFV GFLFPWALML LSYRGILRAV RGSVSTERQE KAKIKRLALS LIAIVLVCFA PY HVLLLSR SAIYLGRPWD CGFEERVFSA YHSSLAFTSL NCVADPILYC LVNEGARSDV AKALHNLLRF LASDKPQEMA NAS LTLETP LTSKRNSTAK AMTGSWAATP PSQGDQVQEF LEVLFQGPHH HHHHHHHH

UniProtKB: G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 6.8
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TALOS ARCTICA
Image recordingFilm or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING ONLY
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.35 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 171879
Initial angle assignmentType: COMMON LINE
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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