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- EMDB-61440: Cryo-EM structure of inactive GPR4 with NE52-QQ57 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-61440
TitleCryo-EM structure of inactive GPR4 with NE52-QQ57
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: GPR4_antagonist
    • Complex: fab
      • Protein or peptide: Mbp-Anti-bril fab heavy chain
      • Protein or peptide: Anti-fab nanobody
      • Protein or peptide: Anti-bril fab light chain
    • Complex: GPR4-ICL3 BRIL
      • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4,Soluble cytochrome b562
  • Ligand: NE52-QQ57
KeywordsGPCR / Gs / Gsq / Proton sensing / SIGNALING PROTEIN / SIGNALING PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / regulation of cell adhesion / negative regulation of angiogenesis / electron transport chain / G protein-coupled receptor activity ...glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / regulation of cell adhesion / negative regulation of angiogenesis / electron transport chain / G protein-coupled receptor activity / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of inflammatory response / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / periplasmic space / electron transfer activity / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / iron ion binding / heme binding / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome c/b562 / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Soluble cytochrome b562 / G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.23 Å
AuthorsYue XL / Wu LJ / Hua T / Liu ZJ
Funding support1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Not funded
CitationJournal: Cell Res / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of stepwise proton sensing-mediated GPCR activation.
Authors: Xiaolei Yue / Li Peng / Shenhui Liu / Bingjie Zhang / Xiaodan Zhang / Hao Chang / Yuan Pei / Xiaoting Li / Junlin Liu / Wenqing Shui / Lijie Wu / Huji Xu / Zhi-Jie Liu / Tian Hua /
Abstract: The regulation of pH homeostasis is crucial in many biological processes vital for survival, growth, and function of life. The pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR4, GPR65 ...The regulation of pH homeostasis is crucial in many biological processes vital for survival, growth, and function of life. The pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR4, GPR65 and GPR68, play a pivotal role in detecting changes in extracellular proton concentrations, impacting both physiological and pathological states. However, comprehensive understanding of the proton sensing mechanism is still elusive. Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of GPR4 and GPR65 in various activation states across different pH levels, coupled with G, G or G proteins, as well as a small molecule NE52-QQ57-bound inactive GPR4 structure. These structures reveal the dynamic nature of the extracellular loop 2 and its signature conformations in different receptor states, and disclose the proton sensing mechanism mediated by networks of extracellular histidine and carboxylic acid residues. Notably, we unexpectedly captured partially active intermediate states of both GPR4-G and GPR4-G complexes, and identified a unique allosteric binding site for NE52-QQ57 in GPR4. By integrating prior investigations with our structural analysis and mutagenesis data, we propose a detailed atomic model for stepwise proton sensation and GPCR activation. These insights may pave the way for the development of selective ligands and targeted therapeutic interventions for pH sensing-relevant diseases.
History
DepositionSep 5, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseApr 23, 2025-
Map releaseApr 23, 2025-
UpdateJul 2, 2025-
Current statusJul 2, 2025Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_61440.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_61440.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.2 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 307.2 Å		1.2 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 307.2 Å		1.2 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 307.2 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

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Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.2 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.03
Minimum - Maximum-0.0017324679 - 2.2598999
Average (Standard dev.)0.0005870791 (±0.018370938)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 307.2 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_61440_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_61440_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : GPR4_antagonist

EntireName: GPR4_antagonist
Components
  • Complex: GPR4_antagonist
    • Complex: fab
      • Protein or peptide: Mbp-Anti-bril fab heavy chain
      • Protein or peptide: Anti-fab nanobody
      • Protein or peptide: Anti-bril fab light chain
    • Complex: GPR4-ICL3 BRIL
      • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4,Soluble cytochrome b562
  • Ligand: NE52-QQ57

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Supramolecule #1: GPR4_antagonist

SupramoleculeName: GPR4_antagonist / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#4
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #2: fab

SupramoleculeName: fab / type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1-#3

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Supramolecule #3: GPR4-ICL3 BRIL

SupramoleculeName: GPR4-ICL3 BRIL / type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #4
Source (natural)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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Macromolecule #1: Mbp-Anti-bril fab heavy chain

MacromoleculeName: Mbp-Anti-bril fab heavy chain / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 66.624789 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: EVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFNVV DFSLHWVRQA PGKGLEWVAY ISSSSGSTSY ADSVKGRFTI SADTSKNTAY LQMNSLRAE DTAVYYCARW GYWPGEPWWK AFDYWGQGTL VTVSSASTKG PSVFPLAPSS KSTSGGTAAL GCLVKDYFPE P VTVSWNSG ...String:
EVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFNVV DFSLHWVRQA PGKGLEWVAY ISSSSGSTSY ADSVKGRFTI SADTSKNTAY LQMNSLRAE DTAVYYCARW GYWPGEPWWK AFDYWGQGTL VTVSSASTKG PSVFPLAPSS KSTSGGTAAL GCLVKDYFPE P VTVSWNSG ALTSGVHTFP AVLQSSGLYS LSSVVTVPSS SLGTQTYICN VNHKPSNTKV DKKVEPKSMK IEEGKLVIWI NG DKGYNGL AEVGKKFEKD TGIKVTVEHP DKLEEKFPQV AATGDGPDII FWAHDRFGGY AQSGLLAEIT PDKAFQDKLY PFT WDAVRY NGKLIAYPIA VEALSLIYNK DLLPNPPKTW EEIPALDKEL KAKGKSALMF NLQEPYFTWP LIAADGGYAF KYEN GKYDI KDVGVDNAGA KAGLTFLVDL IKNKHMNADT DYSIAEAAFN KGETAMTING PWAWSNIDTS KVNYGVTVLP TFKGQ PSKP FVGVLSAGIN AASPNKELAK EFLENYLLTD EGLEAVNKDK PLGAVALKSY EEELAKDPRI AATMENAQKG EIMPNI PQM SAFWYAVRTA VINAASGRQT VDEALKDAQT CDKTHENLYF QGHHHHHH

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Macromolecule #2: Anti-fab nanobody

MacromoleculeName: Anti-fab nanobody / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.390644 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
GSQVQLQESG GGLVQPGGSL RLSCAASGRT ISRYAMSWFR QAPGKEREFV AVARRSGDGA FYADSVQGRF TVSRDDAKNT VYLQMNSLK PEDTAVYYCA IDSDTFYSGS YDYWGQGTQV TVSS

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Macromolecule #3: Anti-bril fab light chain

MacromoleculeName: Anti-bril fab light chain / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 23.353947 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: SDIQMTQSPS SLSASVGDRV TITCRASQSV SSAVAWYQQK PGKAPKLLIY SASSLYSGVP SRFSGSRSGT DFTLTISSLQ PEDFATYYC QQYLYYSLVT FGQGTKVEIK RTVAAPSVFI FPPSDSQLKS GTASVVCLLN NFYPREAKVQ WKVDNALQSG N SQESVTEQ ...String:
SDIQMTQSPS SLSASVGDRV TITCRASQSV SSAVAWYQQK PGKAPKLLIY SASSLYSGVP SRFSGSRSGT DFTLTISSLQ PEDFATYYC QQYLYYSLVT FGQGTKVEIK RTVAAPSVFI FPPSDSQLKS GTASVVCLLN NFYPREAKVQ WKVDNALQSG N SQESVTEQ DSKDSTYSLS STLTLSKADY EKHKVYACEV THQGLSSPVT KSFNRG

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Macromolecule #4: G-protein coupled receptor 4,Soluble cytochrome b562

MacromoleculeName: G-protein coupled receptor 4,Soluble cytochrome b562 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 55.236461 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGNHTWEGCH VDSRVDHLFP PSLYIFVIGV GLPTNCLALW AAYRQVQQRN ELGVYLMNLS IANLLYICTL PLWVDYFLHH DNWIHGPGS CKLFGFIFYT NIYISIAFLC CISVDRYLAV AHPLRFARLR RVKTAVAVSS VVWATELGAN SAPLFHDELF R DRYNHTFC ...String:
MGNHTWEGCH VDSRVDHLFP PSLYIFVIGV GLPTNCLALW AAYRQVQQRN ELGVYLMNLS IANLLYICTL PLWVDYFLHH DNWIHGPGS CKLFGFIFYT NIYISIAFLC CISVDRYLAV AHPLRFARLR RVKTAVAVSS VVWATELGAN SAPLFHDELF R DRYNHTFC FEKFPMEGWV AWMNLYRVFV GFLFPWALML LSYRGILRAV RGARRQLADL EDNWETLNDN LKVIEKADNA AQ VKDALTK MRAAALDAQK ATPPKLEDKS PDSPEMKDFR HGFDILVGQI DDALKLANEG KVKEAQAAAE QLKTTRNAYI QKY LERARS TLQEKAKIKR LALSLIAIVL VCFAPYHVLL LSRSAIYLGR PWDCGFEERV FSAYHSSLAF TSLNCVADPI LYCL VNEGA RSDVAKALHN LLRFLASDKP QEMANASLTL ETPLTSKRNS TAKAMTGSWA ATPPSQGDQV QEFLEVLFQG PHHHH HHHH HH

UniProtKB: G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4, Soluble cytochrome b562, G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4

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Macromolecule #5: NE52-QQ57

MacromoleculeName: NE52-QQ57 / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: A1L1E
Molecular weightTheoretical: 416.519 Da

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TALOS ARCTICA
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOCONTINUUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING ONLY
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.23 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 151171
Initial angle assignmentType: COMMON LINE
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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