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- EMDB-44597: Human proton sensing receptor GPR4 in complex with miniGs -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-44597
TitleHuman proton sensing receptor GPR4 in complex with miniGs
Map dataHuman proton sensing receptor GPR4 in complex with miniGs
Sample
  • Complex: Complex of GPR4 bound to Gs heterotrimer
    • Protein or peptide: miniGs
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Nb35
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
KeywordsReceptor / Proton-sensor / G protein / SIGNALING PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / regulation of cell adhesion / negative regulation of angiogenesis / G protein-coupled receptor activity / Olfactory Signaling Pathway ...glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / regulation of cell adhesion / negative regulation of angiogenesis / G protein-coupled receptor activity / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / positive regulation of inflammatory response / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / retina development in camera-type eye / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / synapse / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / membrane / plasma membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit ...G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Lama glama (llama)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.8 Å
AuthorsHoward MK / Hoppe N / Huang XP / Macdonald CB / Mehrotra E / Rockefeller Grimes P / Zahm AM / Trinidad DD / English J / Coyote-Maestas W / Manglik A
Funding support United States, 6 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) United States
The Vallee Foundation Inc. United States
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)5T32GM139786 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH/NHLBI)F31HL164045 United States
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2025
Title: Molecular basis of proton sensing by G protein-coupled receptors.
Authors: Matthew K Howard / Nicholas Hoppe / Xi-Ping Huang / Darko Mitrovic / Christian B Billesbølle / Christian B Macdonald / Eshan Mehrotra / Patrick Rockefeller Grimes / Donovan D Trinidad / ...Authors: Matthew K Howard / Nicholas Hoppe / Xi-Ping Huang / Darko Mitrovic / Christian B Billesbølle / Christian B Macdonald / Eshan Mehrotra / Patrick Rockefeller Grimes / Donovan D Trinidad / Lucie Delemotte / Justin G English / Willow Coyote-Maestas / Aashish Manglik /
Abstract: Three proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68-respond to extracellular pH to regulate diverse physiology. How protons activate these receptors is poorly understood. ...Three proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68-respond to extracellular pH to regulate diverse physiology. How protons activate these receptors is poorly understood. We determined cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of each receptor to understand the spatial arrangement of proton-sensing residues. Using deep mutational scanning (DMS), we determined the functional importance of every residue in GPR68 activation by generating ∼9,500 mutants and measuring their effects on signaling and surface expression. Constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the conformational landscape and protonation patterns of key residues. This unbiased approach revealed that, unlike other proton-sensitive channels and receptors, no single site is critical for proton recognition. Instead, a network of titratable residues extends from the extracellular surface to the transmembrane region, converging on canonical motifs to activate proton-sensing GPCRs. Our approach integrating structure, simulations, and unbiased functional interrogation provides a framework for understanding GPCR signaling complexity.
History
DepositionApr 24, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseJan 15, 2025-
Map releaseJan 15, 2025-
UpdateFeb 19, 2025-
Current statusFeb 19, 2025Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_44597.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_44597.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 91.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationHuman proton sensing receptor GPR4 in complex with miniGs
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.86 Å/pix.
x 288 pix.
= 247.68 Å		0.86 Å/pix.
x 288 pix.
= 247.68 Å		0.86 Å/pix.
x 288 pix.
= 247.68 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.86 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.7
Minimum - Maximum-4.7723713 - 7.495401
Average (Standard dev.)-0.0010727711 (±0.160935)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions288288288
Spacing288288288
CellA=B=C: 247.68001 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Additional map: Additional map

Fileemd_44597_additional_1.map
AnnotationAdditional map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Half map: Half Map B

Fileemd_44597_half_map_1.map
AnnotationHalf Map B
Projections & Slices
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Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: Half Map A

Fileemd_44597_half_map_2.map
AnnotationHalf Map A
Projections & Slices
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Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Complex of GPR4 bound to Gs heterotrimer

EntireName: Complex of GPR4 bound to Gs heterotrimer
Components
  • Complex: Complex of GPR4 bound to Gs heterotrimer
    • Protein or peptide: miniGs
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Nb35
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4

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Supramolecule #1: Complex of GPR4 bound to Gs heterotrimer

SupramoleculeName: Complex of GPR4 bound to Gs heterotrimer / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: miniGs

MacromoleculeName: miniGs / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 30.137025 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: GGSLEVLFQG PSGNSKTEDQ RNEEKAQREA NKKIEKQLQK DKQVYRATHR LLLLGADNSG KSTIVKQMRI LHGGSGGSGG TSGIFETKF QVDKVNFHMF DVGGQRDERR KWIQCFNDVT AIIFVVDSSD YNRLQEALNL FKSIWNNRWL RTISVILFLN K QDLLAEKV ...String:
GGSLEVLFQG PSGNSKTEDQ RNEEKAQREA NKKIEKQLQK DKQVYRATHR LLLLGADNSG KSTIVKQMRI LHGGSGGSGG TSGIFETKF QVDKVNFHMF DVGGQRDERR KWIQCFNDVT AIIFVVDSSD YNRLQEALNL FKSIWNNRWL RTISVILFLN K QDLLAEKV LAGKSKIEDY FPEFARYTTP EDATPEPGED PRVTRAKYFI RDEFLRISTA SGDGRHYCYP HFTCAVDTEN AR RIFNDCR DIIQRMHLRQ YELL

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.786566 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString: MHHHHHHLEV LFQGPEDQVD PRLIDGKGSS GSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGKL IIWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR E GNVRVSRE ...String:
MHHHHHHLEV LFQGPEDQVD PRLIDGKGSS GSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGKL IIWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR E GNVRVSRE LAGHTGYLSC CRFLDDNQIV TSSGDTTCAL WDIETGQQTT TFTGHTGDVM SLSLAPDTRL FVSGACDASA KL WDVREGM CRQTFTGHES DINAICFFPN GNAFATGSDD ATCRLFDLRA DQELMTYSHD NIICGITSVS FSKSGRLLLA GYD DFNCNV WDALKADRAG VLAGHDNRVS CLGVTDDGMA VATGSWDSFL KIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.56375 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFC

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: Nb35

MacromoleculeName: Nb35 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Lama glama (llama)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 15.398067 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
QVQLQESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFTFS NYKMNWVRQA PGKGLEWVSD ISQSGASISY TGSVKGRFTI SRDNAKNTLY LQMNSLKPE DTAVYYCARC PAPFTRDCFD VTSTTYAYRG QGTQVTVSSG SEDQVDPRLI DGK

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Macromolecule #5: G-protein coupled receptor 4

MacromoleculeName: G-protein coupled receptor 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 42.280852 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: DYKDDDDASI DMGNHTWEGC HVDSRVDHLF PPSLYIFVIG VGLPTNCLAL WAAYRQVQQR NELGVYLMNL SIADLLYICT LPLWVDYFL HHDNWIHGPG SCKLFGFIFY TNIYISIAFL CCISVDRYLA VAHPLRFARL RRVKTAVAVS SVVWATELGA N SAPLFHDE ...String:
DYKDDDDASI DMGNHTWEGC HVDSRVDHLF PPSLYIFVIG VGLPTNCLAL WAAYRQVQQR NELGVYLMNL SIADLLYICT LPLWVDYFL HHDNWIHGPG SCKLFGFIFY TNIYISIAFL CCISVDRYLA VAHPLRFARL RRVKTAVAVS SVVWATELGA N SAPLFHDE LFRDRYNHTF CFEKFPMEGW VAWMNLYRVF VGFLFPWALM LLSYRGILRA VRGSVSTERQ EKAKIKRLAL SL IAIVLVC FAPYHVLLLS RSAIYLGRPW DCGFEERVFS AYHSSLAFTS LNCVADPILY CLVNEGARSD VAKALHNLLR FLA SDKPQE MANASLTLET PLTSKRNSTA KAMTGSWAAT PPSQGDQVQL KMLPPAQ

UniProtKB: G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 6
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.1 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 439296
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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