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- EMDB-44549: Human proton sensing receptor GPR65 in complex with miniGs -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-44549
TitleHuman proton sensing receptor GPR65 in complex with miniGs
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: Complex of GPR65 bound to Gs heterotrimer
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Nanobody 35
    • Protein or peptide: Psychosine receptor
KeywordsReceptor / Proton-sensor / G protein / SIGNALING PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / developmental growth / hair follicle placode formation / D1 dopamine receptor binding / intracellular transport / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / renal water homeostasis / activation of adenylate cyclase activity ...response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / developmental growth / hair follicle placode formation / D1 dopamine receptor binding / intracellular transport / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / renal water homeostasis / activation of adenylate cyclase activity / Hedgehog 'off' state / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of stress fiber assembly / cellular response to glucagon stimulus / regulation of insulin secretion / adenylate cyclase activator activity / trans-Golgi network membrane / negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / G protein-coupled receptor activity / bone development / platelet aggregation / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / cognition / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / sensory perception of smell / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / retina development in camera-type eye / G protein activity / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / immune response / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / apoptotic process / synapse / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / metal ion binding / membrane / plasma membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
Psychosine receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit ...Psychosine receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short / G-protein coupled receptor 65
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Lama glama (llama)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.8 Å
AuthorsHoward MK / Hoppe N / Huang XP / Macdonald CB / Mehrotra E / Rockefeller Grimes P / Zahm AM / Trinidad DD / English J / Coyote-Maestas W / Manglik A
Funding support United States, 6 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) United States
The Vallee Foundation Inc. United States
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)5T32GM139786 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH/NHLBI)F31HL164045 United States
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2025
Title: Molecular basis of proton sensing by G protein-coupled receptors.
Authors: Matthew K Howard / Nicholas Hoppe / Xi-Ping Huang / Darko Mitrovic / Christian B Billesbølle / Christian B Macdonald / Eshan Mehrotra / Patrick Rockefeller Grimes / Donovan D Trinidad / ...Authors: Matthew K Howard / Nicholas Hoppe / Xi-Ping Huang / Darko Mitrovic / Christian B Billesbølle / Christian B Macdonald / Eshan Mehrotra / Patrick Rockefeller Grimes / Donovan D Trinidad / Lucie Delemotte / Justin G English / Willow Coyote-Maestas / Aashish Manglik /
Abstract: Three proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68-respond to extracellular pH to regulate diverse physiology. How protons activate these receptors is poorly understood. ...Three proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68-respond to extracellular pH to regulate diverse physiology. How protons activate these receptors is poorly understood. We determined cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of each receptor to understand the spatial arrangement of proton-sensing residues. Using deep mutational scanning (DMS), we determined the functional importance of every residue in GPR68 activation by generating ∼9,500 mutants and measuring their effects on signaling and surface expression. Constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the conformational landscape and protonation patterns of key residues. This unbiased approach revealed that, unlike other proton-sensitive channels and receptors, no single site is critical for proton recognition. Instead, a network of titratable residues extends from the extracellular surface to the transmembrane region, converging on canonical motifs to activate proton-sensing GPCRs. Our approach integrating structure, simulations, and unbiased functional interrogation provides a framework for understanding GPCR signaling complexity.
History
DepositionApr 21, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseJan 22, 2025-
Map releaseJan 22, 2025-
UpdateMay 21, 2025-
Current statusMay 21, 2025Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_44549.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_44549.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 103 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
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Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.84 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 250.5 Å		0.84 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 250.5 Å		0.84 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 250.5 Å

Surface

Projections

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.835 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.4
Minimum - Maximum-3.9259553 - 6.718975
Average (Standard dev.)-0.00025726657 (±0.11429136)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions300300300
Spacing300300300
CellA=B=C: 250.5 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Additional map: #1

Fileemd_44549_additional_1.map
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_44549_half_map_1.map
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Half map: #2

Fileemd_44549_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Sample components

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Entire : Complex of GPR65 bound to Gs heterotrimer

EntireName: Complex of GPR65 bound to Gs heterotrimer
Components
  • Complex: Complex of GPR65 bound to Gs heterotrimer
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Nanobody 35
    • Protein or peptide: Psychosine receptor

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Supramolecule #1: Complex of GPR65 bound to Gs heterotrimer

SupramoleculeName: Complex of GPR65 bound to Gs heterotrimer / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Details: miniGs / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 30.137025 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: GGSLEVLFQG PSGNSKTEDQ RNEEKAQREA NKKIEKQLQK DKQVYRATHR LLLLGADNSG KSTIVKQMRI LHGGSGGSGG TSGIFETKF QVDKVNFHMF DVGGQRDERR KWIQCFNDVT AIIFVVDSSD YNRLQEALNL FKSIWNNRWL RTISVILFLN K QDLLAEKV ...String:
GGSLEVLFQG PSGNSKTEDQ RNEEKAQREA NKKIEKQLQK DKQVYRATHR LLLLGADNSG KSTIVKQMRI LHGGSGGSGG TSGIFETKF QVDKVNFHMF DVGGQRDERR KWIQCFNDVT AIIFVVDSSD YNRLQEALNL FKSIWNNRWL RTISVILFLN K QDLLAEKV LAGKSKIEDY FPEFARYTTP EDATPEPGED PRVTRAKYFI RDEFLRISTA SGDGRHYCYP HFTCAVDTEN AR RIFNDCR DIIQRMHLRQ YELL

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.857641 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MHHHHHHLEV LFQGPEDQVD PRLIDGKGSS QSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGKL IIWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR E GNVRVSRE ...String:
MHHHHHHLEV LFQGPEDQVD PRLIDGKGSS QSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGKL IIWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR E GNVRVSRE LAGHTGYLSC CRFLDDNQIV TSSGDTTCAL WDIETGQQTT TFTGHTGDVM SLSLAPDTRL FVSGACDASA KL WDVREGM CRQTFTGHES DINAICFFPN GNAFATGSDD ATCRLFDLRA DQELMTYSHD NIICGITSVS FSKSGRLLLA GYD DFNCNV WDALKADRAG VLAGHDNRVS CLGVTDDGMA VATGSWDSFL KIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Nanobody 35

MacromoleculeName: Nanobody 35 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Lama glama (llama)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 15.398067 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
QVQLQESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFTFS NYKMNWVRQA PGKGLEWVSD ISQSGASISY TGSVKGRFTI SRDNAKNTLY LQMNSLKPE DTAVYYCARC PAPFTRDCFD VTSTTYAYRG QGTQVTVSSG SEDQVDPRLI DGK

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Macromolecule #4: Psychosine receptor

MacromoleculeName: Psychosine receptor / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.627215 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: DYKDDDDASI DMNSTCIEEQ HDLDHYLFPI VYIFVIIVSI PANIGSLCVS FLQAKKESEL GIYLFSLSLS DLLYALTLPL WIDYTWNKD NWTFSPALCK GSAFLMYMNF YSSTAFLTCI AVDRYLAVVY PLKFFFLRTR RFALMVSLSI WILETIFNAV M LWEDETVV ...String:
DYKDDDDASI DMNSTCIEEQ HDLDHYLFPI VYIFVIIVSI PANIGSLCVS FLQAKKESEL GIYLFSLSLS DLLYALTLPL WIDYTWNKD NWTFSPALCK GSAFLMYMNF YSSTAFLTCI AVDRYLAVVY PLKFFFLRTR RFALMVSLSI WILETIFNAV M LWEDETVV EYCDAEKSNF TLCYDKYPLE KWQINLNLFR TCTGYAIPLV TILICNRKVY QAVRHNKATE NKEKKRIIKL LV SITVTFV LCFTPFHVML LIRCILEHAV NFEDHSNSGK RTYTMYRITV ALTSLNCVAD PILYCFVTET GRYDMWNILK FCT GRCNTS QRQRKRILSV STKDTMELEV LE

UniProtKB: G-protein coupled receptor 65

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 6
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 46.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.1 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 411592
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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