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- EMDB-39946: Cryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2 -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-39946
TitleCryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: Cryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
KeywordspH6.2 / xGPR4 / Gs / MEMBRANE PROTEIN/IMMUNE SYSTEM / MEMBRANE PROTEIN / MEMBRANE PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


response to acidic pH / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / hair follicle placode formation / developmental growth / D1 dopamine receptor binding / intracellular transport / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / renal water homeostasis / Hedgehog 'off' state / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway ...response to acidic pH / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / hair follicle placode formation / developmental growth / D1 dopamine receptor binding / intracellular transport / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / renal water homeostasis / Hedgehog 'off' state / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / activation of adenylate cyclase activity / regulation of insulin secretion / cellular response to glucagon stimulus / adenylate cyclase activator activity / trans-Golgi network membrane / negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / G protein-coupled receptor activity / bone development / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / platelet aggregation / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / cognition / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G-protein activation / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / photoreceptor disc membrane / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G alpha (z) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / sensory perception of smell / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / G protein activity / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / retina development in camera-type eye / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / fibroblast proliferation / G alpha (i) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / synapse / protein-containing complex binding / GTP binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / metal ion binding / membrane / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain ...G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / WD domain, G-beta repeat / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
G-protein coupled receptor 4 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Xenopus tropicalis (tropical clawed frog) / synthetic construct (others)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.6 Å
AuthorsRong NK / Wen X / Yang F / Sun JP
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)81773704 China
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2025
Title: Evolutionary study and structural basis of proton sensing by Mus GPR4 and Xenopus GPR4.
Authors: Xin Wen / Pan Shang / Haidi Chen / Lulu Guo / Naikang Rong / Xiaoyu Jiang / Xuan Li / Junyan Liu / Gongming Yang / Jiacheng Zhang / Kongkai Zhu / Qingbiao Meng / Xuefei He / Zhihai Wang / ...Authors: Xin Wen / Pan Shang / Haidi Chen / Lulu Guo / Naikang Rong / Xiaoyu Jiang / Xuan Li / Junyan Liu / Gongming Yang / Jiacheng Zhang / Kongkai Zhu / Qingbiao Meng / Xuefei He / Zhihai Wang / Zili Liu / Haoran Cheng / Yilin Zheng / Bifei Zhang / Jiaojiao Pang / Zhaoqian Liu / Peng Xiao / Yuguo Chen / Lunxu Liu / Fengming Luo / Xiao Yu / Fan Yi / Pengju Zhang / Fan Yang / Cheng Deng / Jin-Peng Sun /
Abstract: Animals have evolved pH-sensing membrane receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), to monitor pH changes related to their physiology and generate adaptive reactions. However, the ...Animals have evolved pH-sensing membrane receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), to monitor pH changes related to their physiology and generate adaptive reactions. However, the evolutionary trajectory and structural mechanism of proton sensing by GPR4 remain unresolved. Here, we observed a positive correlation between the optimal pH of GPR4 activity and the blood pH range across different species. By solving 7-cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Xenopus tropicalis GPR4 (xtGPR4) and Mus musculus GPR4 (mmGPR4) under varying pH conditions, we identified that protonation of H and H enabled polar network establishment and tighter association between the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and 7 transmembrane (7TM) domain, as well as a conserved propagating path, which are common mechanisms underlying protonation-induced GPR4 activation across different species. Moreover, protonation of distinct extracellular H contributed to the more acidic optimal pH range of xtGPR4. Overall, our study revealed common and distinct mechanisms of proton sensing by GPR4, from a structural, functional, and evolutionary perspective.
History
DepositionApr 30, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseFeb 26, 2025-
Map releaseFeb 26, 2025-
UpdateFeb 26, 2025-
Current statusFeb 26, 2025Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_39946.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_39946.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 103 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
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Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.93 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 279. Å		0.93 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 279. Å		0.93 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 279. Å

Surface

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.93 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.1
Minimum - Maximum-0.0074054883 - 2.0505152
Average (Standard dev.)0.0014645156 (±0.028807303)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions300300300
Spacing300300300
CellA=B=C: 279.0 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Mask #1

Fileemd_39946_msk_1.map
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Half map: #2

Fileemd_39946_half_map_1.map
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_39946_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : Cryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2

EntireName: Cryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2
Components
  • Complex: Cryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16

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Supramolecule #1: Cryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2

SupramoleculeName: Cryo-EM structure of the xGPR4-Gs complex in pH6.2 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 43.432859 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: TLSAEDKAAV ERSKMIEKQL QKDKQVYRAT HRLLLLGADN SGKSTIVKQM RIYHVNGFNG EGGEEDPQAA RSNSDGEKAT KVQDIKNNL KEAIETIVAA MSNLVPPVEL ANPENQFRVD YILSVMNVPD FDFPPEFYEH AKALWEDEGV RACYERSNEY Q LIDCAQYF ...String:
TLSAEDKAAV ERSKMIEKQL QKDKQVYRAT HRLLLLGADN SGKSTIVKQM RIYHVNGFNG EGGEEDPQAA RSNSDGEKAT KVQDIKNNL KEAIETIVAA MSNLVPPVEL ANPENQFRVD YILSVMNVPD FDFPPEFYEH AKALWEDEGV RACYERSNEY Q LIDCAQYF LDKIDVIKQA DYVPSDQDLL RCRVKTSGIF ETKFQVDKVN FHMFDVGAQR DERRKWIQCF NDVTAIIFVV DS SDYARLQ EALNDFKSIW NNRWLRTISV ILFLNKQDLL AEKVLAGKSK IEDYFPEFAR YTTPEDATPE PGEDPRVTRA KYF IRDEFL RISTASGDGR HYCYPHFTCS VDTENARRIF NDCRDIIQRM HLRQYELL

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.198656 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLIIW DSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG HTGYLSCCRF LDDNQIVTSS G DTTCALWD ...String:
ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLIIW DSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG HTGYLSCCRF LDDNQIVTSS G DTTCALWD IETGQQTTTF TGHTGDVMSL SLAPDTRLFV SGACDASAKL WDVREGMCRQ TFTGHESDIN AICFFPNGNA FA TGSDDAT CRLFDLRADQ ELMTYSHDNI ICGITSVSFS KSGRLLLAGY DDFNCNVWDA LKADRAGVLA GHDNRVSCLG VTD DGMAVA TGSWDSFLKI WN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 5.817734 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FR

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: G-protein coupled receptor 4

MacromoleculeName: G-protein coupled receptor 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus tropicalis (tropical clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 31.365857 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: SGLDSVLPPS LYALVFTLGL PANLLALWAA WLQVRKGREL GVYLLNLSLS DLLLICALPP WTDYYLRRDV WGYGPGACRL FGFVFYTNL YVGAAFLSCV SADRYLAVAH PLRFPGARPI RSAAAVSALI WMLELAANAP PLLAEAIHRD RYNHTFCYES Y PLSGRGAA ...String:
SGLDSVLPPS LYALVFTLGL PANLLALWAA WLQVRKGREL GVYLLNLSLS DLLLICALPP WTDYYLRRDV WGYGPGACRL FGFVFYTNL YVGAAFLSCV SADRYLAVAH PLRFPGARPI RSAAAVSALI WMLELAANAP PLLAEAIHRD RYNHTFCYES Y PLSGRGAA LANVGRVLAG FLLPWGVMML CYAGLLRALR GSASCEQRER RRVRRLALGL PCVALLCYGP YHALLLLRSL VF LVGGGSV DAGGGCALEE RLFPAYHASL ALATLNCLAD PALYCLACPG AR

UniProtKB: G-protein coupled receptor 4

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Macromolecule #5: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 26.678688 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: DPDVQLVESG GGLVQPGGSR KLSCSASGFA FSSFGMHWVR QAPEKGLEWV AYISSGSGTI YYADTVKGRF TISRDDPKNT LFLQMTSLR SEDTAMYYCV RSIYYYGSSP FDFWGQGTTL TVSSGGGGSG GGGSGGGGSD IVMTQATSSV PVTPGESVSI S CRSSKSLL ...String:
DPDVQLVESG GGLVQPGGSR KLSCSASGFA FSSFGMHWVR QAPEKGLEWV AYISSGSGTI YYADTVKGRF TISRDDPKNT LFLQMTSLR SEDTAMYYCV RSIYYYGSSP FDFWGQGTTL TVSSGGGGSG GGGSGGGGSD IVMTQATSSV PVTPGESVSI S CRSSKSLL HSNGNTYLYW FLQRPGQSPQ LLIYRMSNLA SGVPDRFSGS GSGTAFTLTI SRLEAEDVGV YYCMQHLEYP LT FGAGTKL ELK

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 6.2
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 1.875 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: DIFFRACTION / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: OTHER
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 640581
Initial angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION
Final angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION

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