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- EMDB-3948: Nucleosome breathing : Class 2 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-3948
TitleNucleosome breathing : Class 2
Map dataNucleosome breathing : Class 2
Sample
  • Complex: Nucleosome
    • Complex: histones
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H3.2
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H4
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2A
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2B 1.1
    • Complex: DNA
      • DNA: DNA (141-MER)
      • DNA: DNA (141-MER)
Keywordsnucleosome / nucleosome breathing / hexasome / GENE REGULATION
Function / homology
Function and homology information


structural constituent of chromatin / nucleosome / heterochromatin formation / nucleosome assembly / protein heterodimerization activity / DNA binding / nucleoplasm / nucleus
Similarity search - Function
: / Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H2A ...: / Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H2A / TATA box binding protein associated factor / TATA box binding protein associated factor (TAF), histone-like fold domain / Histone H4, conserved site / Histone H4 signature. / Histone H4 / Histone H4 / CENP-T/Histone H4, histone fold / Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold / Histone H3 signature 1. / Histone H3 signature 2. / Histone H3 / Histone H3/CENP-A / Histone H2A/H2B/H3 / Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4 domain / Histone-fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Histone H2B 1.1 / Histone H4 / Histone H3.2 / Histone H2A
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesXenopus laevis (African clawed frog) / Synthetic construct (others) / synthetic construct (others)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 5.4 Å
AuthorsBilokapic S / Halic M
Funding support1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
European Research CouncilERC-smallRNAhet-309584
CitationJournal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2018
Title: Histone octamer rearranges to adapt to DNA unwrapping.
Authors: Silvija Bilokapic / Mike Strauss / Mario Halic /
Abstract: Nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin, package and regulate expression of eukaryotic genomes. Although the structure of the intact nucleosome is well characterized, little is known about ...Nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin, package and regulate expression of eukaryotic genomes. Although the structure of the intact nucleosome is well characterized, little is known about structures of partially unwrapped, transient intermediates. In this study, we present nine cryo-EM structures of distinct conformations of nucleosome and subnucleosome particles. These structures show that initial DNA breathing induces conformational changes in the histone octamer, particularly in histone H3, that propagate through the nucleosome and prevent symmetrical DNA opening. Rearrangements in the H2A-H2B dimer strengthen interaction with the unwrapping DNA and promote nucleosome stability. In agreement with this, cross-linked H2A-H2B that cannot accommodate unwrapping of the DNA is not stably maintained in the nucleosome. H2A-H2B release and DNA unwrapping occur simultaneously, indicating that DNA is essential in stabilizing the dimer in the nucleosome. Our structures reveal intrinsic nucleosomal plasticity that is required for nucleosome stability and might be exploited by extrinsic protein factors.
History
DepositionOct 20, 2017-
Header (metadata) releaseOct 25, 2017-
Map releaseDec 20, 2017-
UpdateJul 9, 2025-
Current statusJul 9, 2025Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.07
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view colored by radius
  • Surface level: 0.07
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-6esg
  • Surface level: 0.07
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_3948.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_3948.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 18.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationNucleosome breathing : Class 2
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.4 Å/pix.
x 168 pix.
= 235.2 Å		1.4 Å/pix.
x 168 pix.
= 235.2 Å		1.4 Å/pix.
x 168 pix.
= 235.2 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.4 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.07 / Movie #1: 0.07
Minimum - Maximum-0.051627945 - 0.20380627
Average (Standard dev.)0.0018725299 (±0.011982976)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions168168168
Spacing168168168
CellA=B=C: 235.2 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.41.41.4
M x/y/z168168168
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z235.200235.200235.200
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS168168168
D min/max/mean-0.0520.2040.002

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Supplemental data

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Sample components

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Entire : Nucleosome

EntireName: Nucleosome
Components
  • Complex: Nucleosome
    • Complex: histones
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H3.2
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H4
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2A
      • Protein or peptide: Histone H2B 1.1
    • Complex: DNA
      • DNA: DNA (141-MER)
      • DNA: DNA (141-MER)

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Supramolecule #1: Nucleosome

SupramoleculeName: Nucleosome / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Molecular weightTheoretical: 200 KDa

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Supramolecule #2: histones

SupramoleculeName: histones / type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1-#4
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)

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Supramolecule #3: DNA

SupramoleculeName: DNA / type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #5-#6
Source (natural)Organism: Synthetic construct (others)

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Macromolecule #1: Histone H3.2

MacromoleculeName: Histone H3.2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 15.30393 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
ARTKQTARKS TGGKAPRKQL ATKAARKSAP ATGGVKKPHR YRPGTVALRE IRRYQKSTEL LIRKLPFQRL VREIAQDFKT DLRFQSSAV MALQEASEAY LVALFEDTNL CAIHAKRVTI MPKDIQLARR IRGERA

UniProtKB: Histone H3.2

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Macromolecule #2: Histone H4

MacromoleculeName: Histone H4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 11.263231 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
SGRGKGGKGL GKGGAKRHRK VLRDNIQGIT KPAIRRLARR GGVKRISGLI YEETRGVLKV FLENVIRDAV TYTEHAKRKT VTAMDVVYA LKRQGRTLYG FGG

UniProtKB: Histone H4

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Macromolecule #3: Histone H2A

MacromoleculeName: Histone H2A / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.978241 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
SGRGKQGGKT RAKAKTRSSR AGLQFPVGRV HRLLRKGNYA ERVGAGAPVY LAAVLEYLTA EILELAGNAA RDNKKTRIIP RHLQLAVRN DEELNKLLGR VTIAQGGVLP NIQSVLLPKK TESSKSAKSK

UniProtKB: Histone H2A

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Macromolecule #4: Histone H2B 1.1

MacromoleculeName: Histone H2B 1.1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.524752 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
AKSAPAPKKG SKKAVTKTQK KDGKKRRKTR KESYAIYVYK VLKQVHPDTG ISSKAMSIMN SFVNDVFERI AGEASRLAHY NKRSTITSR EIQTAVRLLL PGELAKHAVS EGTKAVTKYT SAK

UniProtKB: Histone H2B 1.1

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Macromolecule #5: DNA (141-MER)

MacromoleculeName: DNA (141-MER) / type: dna / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 45.604047 KDa
SequenceString: (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DA) (DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) ...String:
(DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DA) (DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DC) (DG)(DT)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DG)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) (DG)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DA)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DG) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT) (DT)(DC)(DT) (DC)(DC)(DA)(DG)

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Macromolecule #6: DNA (141-MER)

MacromoleculeName: DNA (141-MER) / type: dna / ID: 6
Details: CTGGAGAATCCCGGTGCCGAGGCCGCTCAATTGGTCGTAGACAGCTCTAGCACCGCTTAAACGCACGTACGCGCTGTCCC CCGCGTTTTAACCGCCAAGGGGATTACTCCCTAGTCTCCAGGCACGTGTCAGATATATACATCCTGT
Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 45.145754 KDa
SequenceString: (DC)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) ...String:
(DC)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DT) (DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DC) (DA)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DT) (DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DT) (DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DC) (DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DG)(DT)

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.4
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN
Image recording#0 - Image recording ID: 1 / #0 - Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / #0 - Detector mode: COUNTING / #0 - Average electron dose: 80.0 e/Å2 / #1 - Image recording ID: 2 / #1 - Film or detector model: FEI FALCON II (4k x 4k) / #1 - Detector mode: INTEGRATING / #1 - Average electron dose: 100.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD

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Image processing

Image recording ID2
DetailsData were collected on Titan Halo with Falcon II and Titan Krios with K2
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: PDB ENTRY
PDB model - PDB ID:

3lz0

Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C1 (asymmetric) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 5.4 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.0) / Number images used: 14000
Initial angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING
Final angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING

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