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- PDB-9ei3: Cryo-EM structure of Human RNA polymerase II Elongation Complex b... -
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Basic information
Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 9ei3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Title | Cryo-EM structure of Human RNA polymerase II Elongation Complex bound to the RECQL5 helicase in the presence of AMPPNP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() | TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSFERASE/DNA/RNA / translocation / Human RNA polymerase II / RECQL5 helicase / TRANSFERASE-DNA-RNA complex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Function / homology | ![]() mitotic DNA-templated DNA replication / LRR domain binding / microfibril binding / chromosome separation / cellular response to camptothecin / RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination / regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I / replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange / RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex ...mitotic DNA-templated DNA replication / LRR domain binding / microfibril binding / chromosome separation / cellular response to camptothecin / RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination / regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I / replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange / RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter / Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA / RNA Polymerase III Abortive And Retractive Initiation / Abortive elongation of HIV-1 transcript in the absence of Tat / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination / FGFR2 alternative splicing / transcription preinitiation complex / MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis / Viral Messenger RNA Synthesis / DNA 3'-5' helicase / Signaling by FGFR2 IIIa TM / DNA metabolic process / 3'-5' DNA helicase activity / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV infection / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / Formation of the HIV-1 Early Elongation Complex / HIV Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II HIV Promoter Escape / Transcription of the HIV genome / RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance / mRNA Capping / mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway / PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis / RNA polymerase II complex binding / maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation / nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process / Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA / Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV elongation / Tat-mediated HIV elongation arrest and recovery / negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / positive regulation of translational initiation / RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes / HIV elongation arrest and recovery / Pausing and recovery of HIV elongation / transcription by RNA polymerase III / Tat-mediated elongation of the HIV-1 transcript / negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat / transcription by RNA polymerase I / RNA polymerase I complex / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I / RNA polymerase III complex / Formation of HIV elongation complex in the absence of HIV Tat / transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair / RNA polymerase II, core complex / tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation / Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex / translation initiation factor binding / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / DNA helicase activity / mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway / positive regulation of RNA splicing / replication fork / transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / P-body / promoter-specific chromatin binding / DNA-templated transcription termination / helicase activity / double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / protein-DNA complex / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair (TC-NER) / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex / ribonucleoside binding / kinase binding / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / fibrillar center / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / Dual incision in TC-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus / mitotic cell cycle / single-stranded DNA binding / chromosome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters Similarity search - Function | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biological species | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.2 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | Florez Ariza, A. / Lue, N. / Nogales, E. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funding support | ![]()
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![]() | ![]() Title: Structural insights into transcriptional regulation by the helicase RECQL5. Authors: Alfredo Jose Florez Ariza / Nicholas Z Lue / Patricia Grob / Benjamin Kaeser / Jie Fang / Susanne A Kassube / Eva Nogales / ![]() ![]() Abstract: Transcription poses a major challenge for genome stability. The RECQL5 helicase helps safeguard genome integrity and is the only member of the human RecQ helicase family that directly binds to RNA ...Transcription poses a major challenge for genome stability. The RECQL5 helicase helps safeguard genome integrity and is the only member of the human RecQ helicase family that directly binds to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and affects its progression. While RECQL5 mitigates transcription stress in cells, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of stalled human Pol II elongation complexes (ECs) bound to RECQL5. Our structures reveal the molecular interactions stabilizing RECQL5 binding to the Pol II EC and highlight its role as a transcriptional roadblock. Additionally, we find that, in its nucleotide-free state, RECQL5 twists the downstream DNA in the EC and, upon nucleotide binding, undergoes a conformational change that allosterically induces Pol II toward a post-translocation state. We propose that this mechanism may help restart Pol II elongation and, therefore, contribute to reducing transcription stress. #1: Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2025 Title: Structural insights into transcriptional regulation by the helicase RECQL5. Authors: Alfredo Jose Florez Ariza / Nicholas Z Lue / Patricia Grob / Benjamin Kaeser / Jie Fang / Susanne A Kassube / Eva Nogales / ![]() Abstract: Transcription and its regulation pose a major challenge for genome stability. The helicase RECQL5 has been proposed as an important factor to help safeguard the genome, and is the only member of the ...Transcription and its regulation pose a major challenge for genome stability. The helicase RECQL5 has been proposed as an important factor to help safeguard the genome, and is the only member of the human RecQ helicase family that directly binds to RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) and affects its progression. RECQL5 mitigates transcription stress and genome instability in cells, yet the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Here, we employ cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of stalled Pol II elongation complexes (ECs) bound to RECQL5. Our structures reveal the molecular interactions stabilizing RECQL5 binding to the Pol II EC and highlight its role as a transcriptional roadblock. Additionally, we find that RECQL5 can modulate the Pol II translocation state. In its nucleotide-free state, RECQL5 mechanically twists the downstream DNA in the EC, and upon nucleotide binding, it undergoes a conformational change that allosterically induces Pol II towards a post-translocation state. We propose this mechanism may help restart Pol II elongation and therefore contribute to reduction of transcription stress. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History |
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Structure visualization
Structure viewer | Molecule: ![]() ![]() |
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PDBx/mmCIF format | ![]() | 1 MB | Display | ![]() |
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PDB format | ![]() | Display | ![]() | |
PDBx/mmJSON format | ![]() | Tree view | ![]() | |
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-Validation report
Summary document | ![]() | 1.6 MB | Display | ![]() |
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Full document | ![]() | 1.7 MB | Display | |
Data in XML | ![]() | 134.8 KB | Display | |
Data in CIF | ![]() | 208.7 KB | Display | |
Arichive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | ![]() 48075MC ![]() 9ehzC ![]() 9ei1C ![]() 9ei2C ![]() 9ei4C M: map data used to model this data C: citing same article ( |
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Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology ![]() |
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Links
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Assembly
Deposited unit | ![]()
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Components
-DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit ... , 7 types, 7 molecules ABCDGIK
#1: Protein | Mass: 217420.047 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
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#2: Protein | Mass: 134071.453 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#3: Protein | Mass: 31478.148 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#4: Protein | Mass: 16331.255 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#7: Protein | Mass: 19314.283 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#9: Protein | Mass: 14541.221 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#11: Protein | Mass: 13310.284 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
-DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit ... , 5 types, 5 molecules EFHJL
#5: Protein | Mass: 24644.318 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
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#6: Protein | Mass: 14491.026 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#8: Protein | Mass: 17162.273 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#10: Protein | Mass: 7655.123 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
#12: Protein | Mass: 7018.244 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) ![]() |
-DNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules NT
#13: DNA chain | Mass: 13305.593 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) ![]() |
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#15: DNA chain | Mass: 8515.503 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) ![]() |
-RNA chain / Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules PU
#14: RNA chain | Mass: 6414.902 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) ![]() |
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#16: Protein | Mass: 109024.859 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source Details: ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5 bound to the nucleotide analog AMPPNP (ANP) Source: (gene. exp.) ![]() ![]() ![]() |
-Non-polymers , 3 types, 10 molecules 




#17: Chemical | ChemComp-ZN / #18: Chemical | ChemComp-MG / | #19: Chemical | ChemComp-ANP / | |
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-Details
Has ligand of interest | Y |
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Has protein modification | Y |
-Experimental details
-Experiment
Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
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Sample preparation
Component | Name: Stalled Human RNA polymerase II Elongation Complex bound to an AMPPNP-bound RECQL5 helicase Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#16 / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES |
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Molecular weight | Value: 0.49 MDa / Experimental value: NO |
Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Buffer solution | pH: 8 |
Specimen | Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES |
Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy imaging
Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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Microscopy | Model: TFS KRIOS |
Electron gun | Electron source: ![]() |
Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm |
Image recording | Electron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) |
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Processing
EM software | Name: PHENIX / Version: 1.20.1_4487 / Category: model refinement |
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CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION |
3D reconstruction | Resolution: 3.2 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 80622 / Symmetry type: POINT |
Refinement | Cross valid method: NONE |