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- PDB-6zwo: cryo-EM structure of human mTOR complex 2, focused on one half -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 6zwo
Titlecryo-EM structure of human mTOR complex 2, focused on one half
Components
  • (Target of rapamycin complex ...) x 2
  • Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR
  • Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR
KeywordsTRANSFERASE / mTOR / Kinase / Complex / Inositol
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process / RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation / regulation of locomotor rhythm / T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment / positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt / positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells / regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / regulation of membrane permeability ...positive regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process / RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation / regulation of locomotor rhythm / T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment / positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt / positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells / regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / regulation of membrane permeability / TORC2 complex / cellular response to leucine starvation / TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding / heart valve morphogenesis / negative regulation of lysosome organization / voluntary musculoskeletal movement / TORC1 complex / regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress / calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade / positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I / RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of keratinocyte migration / regulation of osteoclast differentiation / MTOR signalling / energy reserve metabolic process / regulation of lysosome organization / cellular response to L-leucine / regulation of autophagosome assembly / Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK / cellular response to nutrient / Amino acids regulate mTORC1 / phosphatidic acid binding / negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction / cellular response to methionine / embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching / phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding / negative regulation of cell size / TORC2 signaling / cellular response to osmotic stress / phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding / cell projection organization / anoikis / inositol hexakisphosphate binding / cardiac muscle cell development / negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade / positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / regulation of myelination / negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III / positive regulation of ruffle assembly / regulation of cell size / regulation of establishment of cell polarity / positive regulation of myotube differentiation / Macroautophagy / lipid biosynthetic process / negative regulation of macroautophagy / Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer / germ cell development / positive regulation of actin filament polymerization / oligodendrocyte differentiation / phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding / TORC1 signaling / positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation / behavioral response to pain / mTORC1-mediated signalling / TOR signaling / response to amino acid / positive regulation of translational initiation / CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling / HSF1-dependent transactivation / regulation of macroautophagy / positive regulation of TOR signaling / enzyme-substrate adaptor activity / 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process / positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition / positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / heart morphogenesis / regulation of cellular response to heat / positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly / neuronal action potential / phagocytic vesicle / T cell costimulation / positive regulation of stress fiber assembly / cardiac muscle contraction / phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding / positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation / negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway / endomembrane system / cytoskeleton organization / substantia nigra development / cellular response to nutrient levels / positive regulation of glycolytic process / cellular response to amino acid starvation / Regulation of PTEN gene transcription / regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator / cellular response to starvation / negative regulation of autophagy / VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability / protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
Similarity search - Function
Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-terminal domain / Pianissimo family / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 4 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR RasGEF_N domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-term ...Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-terminal domain / Pianissimo family / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 4 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR RasGEF_N domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-term / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR RasGEF_N domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-term / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / : / SIN1 Ras-binding domain / Sin1, N-terminal / Stress-activated map kinase interacting protein 1 (SIN1) / TORC2 component Sin1/Avo1 / SAPK-interacting protein 1, Pleckstrin-homology domain / Sin1, middle CRIM domain / SAPK-interacting protein 1 (Sin1), middle CRIM domain / SAPK-interacting protein 1 (Sin1), Pleckstrin-homology / Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 / Domain of unknown function DUF3385, target of rapamycin protein / Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR domain / Domain of unknown function / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain superfamily / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Rapamycin binding domain / : / Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR-like, HEAT repeats / : / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase, FAT / FAT domain / FATC / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase / FAT domain profile. / FATC domain profile. / Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-like superfamily / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 1. / Phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase, conserved site / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 2. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain superfamily / Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, catalytic domain / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases catalytic domain profile. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain / Armadillo-like helical / PH-like domain superfamily / Tetratricopeptide-like helical domain superfamily / WD domain, G-beta repeat / Armadillo-type fold / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
ACETYL GROUP / PHOSPHOTHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE / Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR / Target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit MAPKAP1 / Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3 Å
AuthorsScaiola, A. / Mangia, F. / Imseng, S. / Boehringer, D. / Ban, N. / Maier, T.
Funding support Switzerland, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Swiss National Science Foundation179323 Switzerland
Swiss National Science Foundation177084 Switzerland
Swiss National Science Foundation138262
CitationJournal: Sci Adv / Year: 2020
Title: The 3.2-Å resolution structure of human mTORC2.
Authors: Alain Scaiola / Francesca Mangia / Stefan Imseng / Daniel Boehringer / Karolin Berneiser / Mitsugu Shimobayashi / Edward Stuttfeld / Michael N Hall / Nenad Ban / Timm Maier /
Abstract: The protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central regulator of cell growth. Aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. mTOR exerts its ...The protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central regulator of cell growth. Aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. mTOR exerts its functions in two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Here, we report a 3.2-Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of mTORC2. It reveals entangled folds of the defining Rictor and the substrate-binding SIN1 subunits, identifies the carboxyl-terminal domain of Rictor as the source of the rapamycin insensitivity of mTORC2, and resolves mechanisms for mTORC2 regulation by complex destabilization. Two previously uncharacterized small-molecule binding sites are visualized, an inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) pocket in mTOR and an mTORC2-specific nucleotide binding site in Rictor, which also forms a zinc finger. Structural and biochemical analyses suggest that InsP6 and nucleotide binding do not control mTORC2 activity directly but rather have roles in folding or ternary interactions. These insights provide a firm basis for studying mTORC2 signaling and for developing mTORC2-specific inhibitors.
History
DepositionJul 28, 2020Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Nov 18, 2020Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Nov 18, 2020Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Nov 18, 2020Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Nov 18, 2020Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Nov 18, 2020Data content type: Mask / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Mask / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Nov 18, 2020Data content type: Mask / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Mask / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Nov 18, 2020Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Apr 9, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Structure summary
Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond ...chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond / database_2 / em_admin / pdbx_entry_details
Item: _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession ..._database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession / _em_admin.last_update / _pdbx_entry_details.has_protein_modification
Revision 1.1Apr 9, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: database_2 / em_admin / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

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Assembly

Deposited unit
B: Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR
D: Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8
F: Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR
H: Target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit MAPKAP1
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)578,5339
Polymers576,7174
Non-polymers1,8165
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: gel filtration
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules BF

#1: Protein Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR / FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin complex-associated protein 1 / FKBP12-rapamycin complex- ...FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin complex-associated protein 1 / FKBP12-rapamycin complex-associated protein / Mammalian target of rapamycin / mTOR / Mechanistic target of rapamycin / Rapamycin and FKBP12 target 1 / Rapamycin target protein 1


Mass: 289257.969 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: MTOR, FRAP, FRAP1, FRAP2, RAFT1, RAPT1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
References: UniProt: P42345, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
#3: Protein Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR / AVO3 homolog / hAVO3


Mass: 192472.922 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: RICTOR, KIAA1999 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: Q6R327

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Target of rapamycin complex ... , 2 types, 2 molecules DH

#2: Protein Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 / TORC subunit LST8 / G protein beta subunit-like / Protein GbetaL / Mammalian lethal with SEC13 ...TORC subunit LST8 / G protein beta subunit-like / Protein GbetaL / Mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8 / mLST8


Mass: 35910.090 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: MLST8, GBL, LST8 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: Q9BVC4
#4: Protein Target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit MAPKAP1 / TORC2 subunit MAPKAP1 / Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2-associated protein 1 / Stress-activated ...TORC2 subunit MAPKAP1 / Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2-associated protein 1 / Stress-activated map kinase-interacting protein 1 / mSIN1


Mass: 59075.551 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: MAPKAP1, MIP1, SIN1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: Q9BPZ7

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Non-polymers , 4 types, 5 molecules

#5: Chemical ChemComp-AGS / PHOSPHOTHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / ATP-GAMMA-S / ADENOSINE 5'-(3-THIOTRIPHOSPHATE) / ADENOSINE 5'-(GAMMA-THIOTRIPHOSPHATE) / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE


Mass: 523.247 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H16N5O12P3S / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: ATP-gamma-S, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM
#6: Chemical ChemComp-IHP / INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE / MYO-INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE / INOSITOL 1,2,3,4,5,6-HEXAKISPHOSPHATE


Mass: 660.035 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C6H18O24P6 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#7: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#8: Chemical ChemComp-ACE / ACETYL GROUP


Mass: 44.053 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C2H4O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: human mTOR complex 2 / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#3 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 1.15 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Buffer solutionpH: 8.5
SpecimenConc.: 0.37 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 400 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE-PROPANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 130000 X / Calibrated magnification: 46300 X / C2 aperture diameter: 100 µm
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 70 e/Å2 / Detector mode: COUNTING / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: EPU / Version: 2 / Category: image acquisition
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 293038 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingSpace: REAL

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