RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation / T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment / positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt / regulation of locomotor rhythm / regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells / TORC2 signaling / TORC2 complex ...RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation / T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment / positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt / regulation of locomotor rhythm / regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells / TORC2 signaling / TORC2 complex / regulation of membrane permeability / cellular response to leucine starvation / heart valve morphogenesis / negative regulation of lysosome organization / TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding / TORC1 complex / positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I / regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress / calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade / voluntary musculoskeletal movement / regulation of osteoclast differentiation / RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of keratinocyte migration / regulation of lysosome organization / phosphatidic acid binding / Amino acids regulate mTORC1 / cellular response to L-leucine / MTOR signalling / cellular response to nutrient / regulation of autophagosome assembly / Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK / TORC1 signaling / energy reserve metabolic process / ruffle organization / serine/threonine protein kinase complex / negative regulation of cell size / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction / phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding / cellular response to methionine / positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / inositol hexakisphosphate binding / cellular response to osmotic stress / phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding / negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus / anoikis / embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching / enzyme-substrate adaptor activity / cardiac muscle cell development / negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade / regulation of myelination / regulation of establishment of cell polarity / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III / positive regulation of actin filament polymerization / regulation of cell size / negative regulation of macroautophagy / lipid biosynthetic process / Macroautophagy / positive regulation of myotube differentiation / Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer / oligodendrocyte differentiation / germ cell development / behavioral response to pain / phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding / TOR signaling / mTORC1-mediated signalling / CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling / positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation / positive regulation of translational initiation / response to amino acid / positive regulation of TOR signaling / HSF1-dependent transactivation / regulation of macroautophagy / 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process / cellular response to nutrient levels / neuronal action potential / positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process / positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition / heart morphogenesis / regulation of cellular response to heat / cardiac muscle contraction / positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly / negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of stress fiber assembly / phagocytic vesicle / cytoskeleton organization / T cell costimulation / positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation / phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding / substantia nigra development / positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation / endomembrane system / negative regulation of autophagy / cellular response to amino acid starvation / protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity / positive regulation of glycolytic process / post-embryonic development / cellular response to starvation / Regulation of PTEN gene transcription / regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator Similarity search - Function
Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-terminal domain / Pianissimo family / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 4 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR RasGEF_N domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-term / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain ...Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-terminal domain / Pianissimo family / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 4 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR RasGEF_N domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-term / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR RasGEF_N domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, middle domain / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, N-term / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, phosphorylation-site / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, domain 5 / Sin1, N-terminal / Stress-activated map kinase interacting protein 1 (SIN1) / TORC2 component Sin1/Avo1 / SAPK-interacting protein 1, Pleckstrin-homology domain / Sin1, middle CRIM domain / SAPK-interacting protein 1 (Sin1), middle CRIM domain / SAPK-interacting protein 1 (Sin1), Pleckstrin-homology / Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 / Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR-like, HEAT repeats / Domain of unknown function DUF3385, target of rapamycin protein / Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR domain / Domain of unknown function / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain superfamily / FKBP12-rapamycin binding domain / Rapamycin binding domain / : / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase, FAT / FAT domain / FATC / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase / FAT domain profile. / FATC domain profile. / Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-like superfamily / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 1. / Phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase, conserved site / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 2. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain superfamily / Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, catalytic domain / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases catalytic domain profile. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain / Armadillo-like helical / Tetratricopeptide-like helical domain superfamily / PH-like domain superfamily / Armadillo-type fold / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / WD domain, G-beta repeat / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily Similarity search - Domain/homology
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR / Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR / Target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit MAPKAP1 / Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 Similarity search - Component
Biological species
Homo sapiens (human)
Method
single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.2 Å
Journal: Sci Adv / Year: 2020 Title: The 3.2-Å resolution structure of human mTORC2. Authors: Alain Scaiola / Francesca Mangia / Stefan Imseng / Daniel Boehringer / Karolin Berneiser / Mitsugu Shimobayashi / Edward Stuttfeld / Michael N Hall / Nenad Ban / Timm Maier / Abstract: The protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central regulator of cell growth. Aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. mTOR exerts its ...The protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central regulator of cell growth. Aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. mTOR exerts its functions in two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Here, we report a 3.2-Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of mTORC2. It reveals entangled folds of the defining Rictor and the substrate-binding SIN1 subunits, identifies the carboxyl-terminal domain of Rictor as the source of the rapamycin insensitivity of mTORC2, and resolves mechanisms for mTORC2 regulation by complex destabilization. Two previously uncharacterized small-molecule binding sites are visualized, an inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) pocket in mTOR and an mTORC2-specific nucleotide binding site in Rictor, which also forms a zinc finger. Structural and biochemical analyses suggest that InsP6 and nucleotide binding do not control mTORC2 activity directly but rather have roles in folding or ternary interactions. These insights provide a firm basis for studying mTORC2 signaling and for developing mTORC2-specific inhibitors.
History
Deposition
Jul 28, 2020
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Header (metadata) release
Nov 18, 2020
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Map release
Nov 18, 2020
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Update
Apr 9, 2025
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Current status
Apr 9, 2025
Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released
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Structure visualization
Movie
Surface view with section colored by density value
Model: Quantifoil / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 400 / Support film - #0 - Film type ID: 1 / Support film - #0 - Material: CARBON / Support film - #0 - topology: HOLEY / Support film - #1 - Film type ID: 2 / Support film - #1 - Material: CARBON / Support film - #1 - topology: CONTINUOUS
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE-PROPANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
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Electron microscopy
Microscope
FEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recording
Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Average electron dose: 70.0 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
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