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TitleStructures of ALG3/9/12 reveal the assembly logic of the N-glycan oligomannose core.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Chem Biol, Year 2026
Publish dateMar 10, 2026
AuthorsJ Andrew N Alexander / Shu-Yu Chen / Somnath Mukherjee / Mario de Capitani / Rossitza N Irobalieva / Lorenzo Rossi / Parth Agrawal / Julia Kowal / Matheus A Meirelles / Markus Aebi / Jean-Louis Reymond / Anthony A Kossiakoff / Sereina Riniker / Kaspar P Locher /
PubMed AbstractAsparagine-linked glycans are essential for the maturation and function of most eukaryotic secretory proteins. The biosynthesis and transfer of dolichylpyrophosphate-anchored GlcNAcManGlc glycan is a ...Asparagine-linked glycans are essential for the maturation and function of most eukaryotic secretory proteins. The biosynthesis and transfer of dolichylpyrophosphate-anchored GlcNAcManGlc glycan is a highly conserved process occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and involving over a dozen membrane proteins whose dysfunction is linked to congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). Three membrane-integral mannosyltransferases, ALG3, ALG9 and ALG12, mediate four consecutive mannosylation reactions that convert GlcNAcMan to GlcNAcMan. Here, using chemoenzymatically synthesized lipid-linked glycan donor and acceptor analogs, we recapitulated this biosynthetic pathway in vitro. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of pseudo-Michaelis complexes of each step revealed how the branched glycan is accurately synthesized and unwanted side products are averted. Molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis studies uncovered a subtle but precise mechanism selecting the dolichylphosphomannose donor substrate over dolichylphosphoglucose, which is also present in the ER membrane. Our results also provide mechanistic explanations for enzyme dysfunction in CDGs and offer opportunities for N-glycan engineering.
External linksNat Chem Biol / PubMed:41807832
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.42 - 3.08 Å
Structure data

EMDB-54629, PDB-9s6r:
Ternary cryo-EM structure of yeast ALG3 with Dol25-PP-GlcNAc2Man5, Dol25-P-Man, and Fab
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.08 Å

EMDB-54630, PDB-9s6s:
Ternary cryo-EM structure of human ALG9 with Dol25-PP-GlcNAc2Man6, Dol25-P-Man and Fab
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.89 Å

EMDB-54631, PDB-9s6t:
Ternary cryo-EM structure of chicken ALG12 with Dol25-PP-GlcNAc2Man7, Dol25-P-Man, and Fab
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.42 Å

EMDB-54632, PDB-9s6u:
Ternary cryo-EM structure of human ALG9 with Dol25-PP-GlcNAc2Man8, Dol25-P-Man and Fab
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.95 Å

Chemicals

PDB-1jma:
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN D BOUND TO THE CELLULAR RECEPTOR HVEA/HVEM

ChemComp-Y01:
CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE

ChemComp-IZY:
[(2~{S},3~{S},4~{S},5~{S},6~{R})-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-tris(oxidanyl)oxan-2-yl] [(3~{S},6~{Z},10~{E},14~{E})-3,7,11,15,19-pentamethylicosa-6,10,14,18-tetraenyl] hydrogen phosphate

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

PDB-1jmt:
X-ray Structure of a Core U2AF65/U2AF35 Heterodimer

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

PDB-1jmc:
SINGLE STRANDED DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF HUMAN REPLICATION PROTEIN A BOUND TO SINGLE STRANDED DNA, RPA70 SUBUNIT, RESIDUES 183-420

ChemComp-AV0:
Lauryl Maltose Neopentyl Glycol

PDB-1jmb:
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF FOUR-HELIX BUNDLE MODEL

Source
  • Lama glama (llama)
  • synthetic construct (others)
  • saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • gallus gallus (chicken)
KeywordsTRANSFERASE / Mannosyltransferase / ternary complex / N-linked glycosylation

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