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TitleAcanthamoeba ATP synthase structure reveals the TCA cycle is tethered to OXPHOS.
Journal, issue, pagesCell, Vol. 189, Issue 20, Page 6307-66324.e7, Year 2026
Publish dateOct 1, 2026
AuthorsMichelle Y Fry / Bridget E Luce / Jonathan A Stefely / Michael Z Chen / Felicia G Deng / Tiana M Issa / / Sarah E Calvo / John Samuelson / Vamsi K Mootha / Luke H Chao /
PubMed AbstractOxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a key metabolic process that couples redox energy to ATP production. While some core OXPHOS complex subunits are found across all domains of life, many have ...Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a key metabolic process that couples redox energy to ATP production. While some core OXPHOS complex subunits are found across all domains of life, many have diverged or expanded across evolution-as seen in the protozoan pathogen Acanthamoeba castellanii. By integrating cryo-electron microscopy of unenriched mitochondrial lysate with mass spectrometry proteomics, we resolved the structures of endogenous mitochondrial ATP synthase (complex V), Hsp60, and respiratory complex III from Acanthamoeba. We capture Acanthamoeba ATP synthase in an IF1-inhibited state and reveal how Acanthamoeba-specific subunits and extensions stabilize the molecular machine, which includes a β subunit extension that interfaces with the peripheral stalk. Additionally, we characterize an active malate dehydrogenase (MDH) dimer structurally integrated within the ATP synthase peripheral stalk, thus revealing a direct protein tether between OXPHOS and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Together, these findings provide structural insight into lineage-specific adaptations in Acanthamoeba that may tune protozoan metabolism.
External linksCell / PubMed:42822427 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle) / X-ray diffraction
Resolution2.33 - 9.63 Å
Structure data

EMDB-74149, PDB-9zfr:
Mitochondrial Hsp60 from Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.76 Å

EMDB-74150, PDB-9zfs:
CryoEM structure of respiratory complex III intermediate from Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.65 Å

EMDB-74151: Mitochondrial ATP synthase dimer from Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 9.63 Å

EMDB-74152: A composite map of the mitochondrial ATP synthase monomer from Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.21 Å

EMDB-74153, PDB-9zft:
Mitochondrial ATP synthase monomer from Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.3 Å

EMDB-74154, PDB-9zfu:
F1 ATPase from Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.77 Å

EMDB-74155, PDB-9zfv:
Mitochondrial MDH and OSCP in the peripheral stalk of ATP synthase in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.21 Å

EMDB-74156, PDB-9zfw:
Membrane region of Acanthamoeba castellanii mitochondrial ATP synthase dimer
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.23 Å

PDB-9zfx:
Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from Acanthamoeba castellanii
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Resolution: 2.33 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-HEM:
PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING FE

ChemComp-ATP:
ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-ADP:
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • acanthamoeba castellanii (eukaryote)
KeywordsCHAPERONE / mitochondrial Hsp60 / cryoEM / OXIDOREDUCTASE / complex III / OXPHOS / cytochrome bc1 complex / HYDROLASE / complex V / ATP synthase / OXPHOS complex V / malate dehydrogenase / MDH / mitochondrial

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