9Z1U

Backbone Modification in the GCN4 Leucine Zipper: beta3-Lys at position 28

9Z1U の概要

• エントリーDOI: 10.2210/pdb9z1u/pdb
• 分子名称: General control transcription factor GCN4 (2 entities in total)
• 機能のキーワード: coiled coil, backbone modification, transcription
• 由来する生物種: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
• タンパク質・核酸の鎖数: 2
• 化学式量合計: 8067.40

構造登録者

Page, G.E.,Lin, Y.,Horne, W.S. (登録日: 2025-11-04, 公開日: 2026-03-18, 最終更新日: 2026-03-25)

主引用文献

Page, G.E.,Lin, Y.,Horne, W.S.
Manipulating the Unfolded State of a Folded Protein through Site-Specific Backbone Modification.
Biochemistry, 65:693-703, 2026

PubMed Abstract: Protein unfolded states are heterogeneous but can manifest local and long-range order. Replacement of side chains through site-directed mutagenesis is a common method to manipulate the unfolded state and elucidate its role in the folding process. Modification of the protein backbone represents a less explored complementary approach with the potential to elicit dramatic changes in conformational preferences from minimal chemical alteration. Prior work has shown backbone modification can affect unfolded ensembles as well as intrinsically disordered sequences. Here, we show that it can be used to rationally tune structural characteristics of the unfolded state of a folded protein. Using the GCN4 leucine zipper as a host, canonical α-residues throughout the chain are individually replaced by β or C-Me-α analogues. The former modification enhances conformational freedom, the latter restricts it, and both retain the side chain at the substitution site. Characterization by circular dichroism and X-ray crystallography shows that the variants adopt folded structures identical to the prototype. Thermal and thermodynamic stability vary in complex ways with the context and nature of backbone modification; however, a uniform relationship is observed between substitution type and the sensitivity of folding free energy to chemical denaturant. This finding suggests systematic changes in solvent-accessible surface area of the unfolded ensemble among isomeric proteins differing only in the position of a single CH group. Collectively, these results demonstrate a platform for predictably tuning the properties of the unfolded state through minimal chemical modification, enabling new avenues for fundamental research on folding behavior of proteins as well as protein mimetics.

PubMed: 41773780
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00687

実験手法

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.5 Å)