9PER

Structure of the S. cerevisiae clamp loader Replication Factor C (RFC) with mixed nucleotide occupancy

Summary for 9PER

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb9per/pdb
• EMDB information: 71574
• Descriptor: Replication factor C subunit 1, Replication factor C subunit 4, Replication factor C subunit 3, ... (8 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: aaa+ atpase, rossmann fold, complex, dna replication, replication
• Biological source: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast); More
• Total number of polymer chains: 5
• Total formula weight: 250280.32

Authors

Pajak, J.,Kelch, B.A. (deposition date: 2025-07-02, release date: 2025-11-12, Last modification date: 2025-11-26)

Primary citation

Pajak, J.,Landeck, J.T.,Liu, X.,Anand, K.,Litvak, S.,Kelch, B.A.
PCNA is a nucleotide exchange factor for the clamp loader ATPase complex.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 122:e2518834122-e2518834122, 2025

PubMed Abstract: All life requires loading ring-shaped sliding clamp protein complexes onto DNA. The sliding clamp loader is a conserved AAA+ ATPase that binds the sliding clamp, opens the ring, and places it onto DNA. While recent structural work on both the canonical and "alternative" clamp loaders has shed light into how these machines perform their task once, it remains unclear how clamp loaders are recycled to load multiple sliding clamps. Here, we present structures of the clamp loader Replication Factor C (RFC) in absence of sliding clamp or supplemented nucleotide. Our structures indicate that RFC holds onto ADP tightly in at least two of its four ATPase active sites, suggesting that nucleotide exchange is regulated. Our molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical data indicate that binding of the sliding clamp Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) causes rapid exchange of tightly bound ADP. Our data suggest that PCNA acts as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) by prying apart adjacent subunits, providing a pathway for ADP release. We propose that, by using its own substrate as a NEF, RFC excludes off-pathway states that would arise from binding DNA prior to PCNA.

PubMed: 41231947
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2518834122

Experimental method

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (2.57 Å)