9ITL

Chloroflexus aurantiacus ATP synthase, state 3

Summary for 9ITL

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb9itl/pdb
• EMDB information: 60870
• Descriptor: ATP synthase subunit alpha, ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE, ATP synthase subunit beta, ... (10 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: atp synthesis, proton channels, proton-motive force, proton translocation, membrane protein
• Biological source: Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl; More
• Total number of polymer chains: 26
• Total formula weight: 627545.46

Authors

Zhang, X.,Wu, J.,Xu, X. (deposition date: 2024-07-20, release date: 2025-03-19, Last modification date: 2025-04-30)

Primary citation

Zhang, X.,Wu, J.,Min, Z.,Wang, J.,Hong, X.,Pei, X.,Rao, Z.,Xu, X.
Structure of ATP synthase from an early photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 122:e2425824122-e2425824122, 2025

PubMed Abstract: F-type ATP synthase (FF) catalyzes proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. Different from the mitochondrial and bacterial enzymes, FF from photosynthetic organisms have evolved diverse structural and mechanistic details to adapt to the light-dependent reactions. Although complete structure of chloroplast FF has been reported, no high-resolution structure of an FF from photosynthetic bacteria has been available. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of an intact and functionally competent FF from (FF), a filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium from the earliest branch of photosynthetic organisms. The structures of FF in its ADP-free and ADP-bound forms for three rotational states reveal a previously unrecognized architecture of ATP synthases. A pair of peripheral stalks connect to the F head through a dimer of δ-subunits, and associate with two membrane-embedded a-subunits that are asymmetrically positioned outside and clamp F's c-ring. The two a-subunits constitute two proton inlets on the periplasmic side and two proton outlets on the cytoplasmic side, endowing FF with unique proton translocation pathways that allow more protons being translocated relative to single a-subunit FF. Our findings deepen understanding of the architecture and proton translocation mechanisms of FF synthases and suggest innovative strategies for modulating their activities by altering the number of a-subunit.

PubMed: 40131952
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2425824122

Experimental method

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (3.31 Å)