5TW3

Crystal Structure of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase in Complex with 5-(2-(2-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)ethoxy)-4-fluorophenoxy)-7-fluoro-2-naphthonitrile (JLJ636), a Non-nucleoside Inhibitor

Summary for 5TW3

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb5tw3/pdb
• Related: 4WE1
• Descriptor: HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, P66 SUBUNIT, HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, P51 SUBUNIT, 5-{2-[2-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)ethoxy]-4-fluorophenoxy}-7-fluoronaphthalene-2-carbonitrile, ... (5 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: polymerase, reverse transcriptase, hiv, non-nucleoside inhibitor, transferase, hydrolase-dna-inhibitor complex, hydrolase-inhibitor complex, hydrolase/inhibitor
• Biological source: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10) (HIV-1); More
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 114488.41

Authors

Chan, A.H.,Anderson, K.S. (deposition date: 2016-11-11, release date: 2017-03-15, Last modification date: 2023-10-04)

Primary citation

Kudalkar, S.N.,Beloor, J.,Chan, A.H.,Lee, W.G.,Jorgensen, W.L.,Kumar, P.,Anderson, K.S.
Structural and Preclinical Studies of Computationally Designed Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors for Treating HIV infection.
Mol. Pharmacol., 91:383-391, 2017

PubMed Abstract: The clinical benefits of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) are hindered by their unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic (PK) properties along with the rapid development of drug-resistant variants. However, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors can be improved by developing compounds with enhanced pharmacological profiles and heightened antiviral activity. We used computational and structure-guided design to develop two next-generation NNRTI drug candidates, compounds I and II, which are members of a class of catechol diethers. We evaluated the preclinical potential of these compounds in BALB/c mice because of their high solubility (510 g/ml for compound I and 82.9 g/ml for compound II), low cytotoxicity, and enhanced antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 RT and resistant variants. Additionally, crystal structures of compounds I and II with WT RT suggested an optimal binding to the NNRTI binding pocket favoring the high anti-viral potency. A single intraperitoneal dose of compounds I and II exhibited a prolonged serum residence time of 48 hours and concentration maximum () of 4000- to 15,000-fold higher than their therapeutic/effective concentrations. These values were 4- to 15-fold lower than their cytotoxic concentrations observed in MT-2 cells. Compound II showed an enhanced area under the curve (0-last) and decreased plasma clearance over compound I and efavirenz, the standard of care NNRTI. Hence, the overall (PK) profile of compound II was excellent compared with that of compound I and efavirenz. Furthermore, both compounds were very well tolerated in BALB/c mice without any detectable acute toxicity. Taken together, these data suggest that compounds I and II possess improved anti-HIV-1 potency, remarkable in vivo safety, and prolonged in vivo circulation time, suggesting strong potential for further development as new NNRTIs for the potential treatment of HIV infection.

PubMed: 28167742
DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107755

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.853 Å)