5TOQ

High resolution crystal structure of AAT

5TOQ の概要

• エントリーDOI: 10.2210/pdb5toq/pdb
• 関連するPDBエントリー: 5TON 5TOR 5TOT
• 分子名称: Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (2 entities in total)
• 機能のキーワード: transferase
• 由来する生物種: Sus scrofa (Pig)
• 細胞内の位置: Cytoplasm: P00503
• タンパク質・核酸の鎖数: 2
• 化学式量合計: 93619.77

構造登録者

Mueser, T.C.,Dajnowicz, S.,Kovalevsky, A. (登録日: 2016-10-18, 公開日: 2017-03-01, 最終更新日: 2023-11-15)

主引用文献

Dajnowicz, S.,Parks, J.M.,Hu, X.,Gesler, K.,Kovalevsky, A.Y.,Mueser, T.C.
Direct evidence that an extended hydrogen-bonding network influences activation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in aspartate aminotransferase.
J. Biol. Chem., 292:5970-5980, 2017

PubMed Abstract: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a fundamental, multifunctional enzyme cofactor used to catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions involved in amino acid metabolism. PLP-dependent enzymes optimize specific chemical reactions by modulating the electronic states of PLP through distinct active site environments. In aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), an extended hydrogen bond network is coupled to the pyridinyl nitrogen of the PLP, influencing the electrophilicity of the cofactor. This network, which involves residues Asp-222, His-143, Thr-139, His-189, and structural waters, is located at the edge of PLP opposite the reactive Schiff base. We demonstrate that this hydrogen bond network directly influences the protonation state of the pyridine nitrogen of PLP, which affects the rates of catalysis. We analyzed perturbations caused by single- and double-mutant variants using steady-state kinetics, high resolution X-ray crystallography, and quantum chemical calculations. Protonation of the pyridinyl nitrogen to form a pyridinium cation induces electronic delocalization in the PLP, which correlates with the enhancement in catalytic rate in AAT. Thus, PLP activation is controlled by the proximity of the pyridinyl nitrogen to the hydrogen bond microenvironment. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that Asp-222, which is directly coupled to the pyridinyl nitrogen, increases the p of the pyridine nitrogen and stabilizes the pyridinium cation. His-143 and His-189 also increase the p of the pyridine nitrogen but, more significantly, influence the position of the proton that resides between Asp-222 and the pyridinyl nitrogen. These findings indicate that the second shell residues directly enhance the rate of catalysis in AAT.

PubMed: 28232482
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M116.774588

実験手法

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.2 Å)