5KBL

Candida Albicans Superoxide Dismutase 5 (SOD5), E110Q Mutant

Summary for 5KBL

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb5kbl/pdb
• Related: 5KBK 5KBM
• Descriptor: Cell surface Cu-only superoxide dismutase 5, COPPER (I) ION, SULFATE ION, ... (4 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: antioxidant, oxidative burst, oxidoreductase, zinc loop, extracellular
• Biological source: Candida albicans (strain SC5314 / ATCC MYA-2876) (Yeast)
• Cellular location: Secreted, cell wall : Q5AD07
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 17247.46

Authors

Galaleldeen, A.,Peterson, R.L.,Villarreal, J.,Taylor, A.B.,Hart, P.J. (deposition date: 2016-06-03, release date: 2016-08-24, Last modification date: 2024-10-23)

Primary citation

Peterson, R.L.,Galaleldeen, A.,Villarreal, J.,Taylor, A.B.,Cabelli, D.E.,Hart, P.J.,Culotta, V.C.
The Phylogeny and Active Site Design of Eukaryotic Copper-only Superoxide Dismutases.
J.Biol.Chem., 291:20911-20923, 2016

PubMed Abstract: In eukaryotes the bimetallic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes play important roles in the biology of reactive oxygen species by disproportionating superoxide anion. Recently, we reported that the fungal pathogen Candida albicans expresses a novel copper-only SOD, known as SOD5, that lacks the zinc cofactor and electrostatic loop (ESL) domain of Cu/Zn-SODs for substrate guidance. Despite these abnormalities, C. albicans SOD5 can disproportionate superoxide at rates limited only by diffusion. Here we demonstrate that this curious copper-only SOD occurs throughout the fungal kingdom as well as in phylogenetically distant oomycetes or "pseudofungi" species. It is the only form of extracellular SOD in fungi and oomycetes, in stark contrast to the extracellular Cu/Zn-SODs of plants and animals. Through structural biology and biochemical approaches we demonstrate that these copper-only SODs have evolved with a specialized active site consisting of two highly conserved residues equivalent to SOD5 Glu-110 and Asp-113. The equivalent positions are zinc binding ligands in Cu/Zn-SODs and have evolved in copper-only SODs to control catalysis and copper binding in lieu of zinc and the ESL. Similar to the zinc ion in Cu/Zn-SODs, SOD5 Glu-110 helps orient a key copper-coordinating histidine and extends the pH range of enzyme catalysis. SOD5 Asp-113 connects to the active site in a manner similar to that of the ESL in Cu/Zn-SODs and assists in copper cofactor binding. Copper-only SODs are virulence factors for certain fungal pathogens; thus this unique active site may be a target for future anti-fungal strategies.

PubMed: 27535222
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M116.748251

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.414 Å)